Empress Theodora Eulogy

Then our beloved Empress rose in political power and married Emperor Justinian. Some people called our Empress lazy and a burden, but she wasn't close to that. She was the empress hat defended and protected our nation, and influenced Emperor Justinian into keep Our nation during the Nick Revolt! She was the empress who wouldn't leave her purple and her people no matter what! She is the empress who would be the role model for future empresses!Now that our Empress has deceased she will still be respected and will be learned about for generations to come. Also, we can't forget our Empress's accomplishments during her years in power. Firstly, she has given women more rights than any other civilization. She gave women the power to own land and she allowed owed women to take income from land to pay for children needs. She also has influenced our Emperor to stay during the Nick Revolt, and take care of our Empire.Lastly, our Empress had laws expanded to protect the Neophytes, and prostitute s so they could start their lives anew. Monopolistic was a form of Christianity that believed that women should have more rights. Our Empress was the most important out of other empresses due to her influence and her outstanding accomplishments. In all, our Empress has accomplished more than any other empress achieved and without Empress Theodore the Byzantine Empire would have fallen long ago.

Personal Constructs Theory Essay

Kelly offered a fresh and enlightening means of understanding human psychology. He presented personal construct theory as a complete, innovative and elaborated abstraction of how people make sense of their world and themselves. It is unique since it can be seen as metatheory, a theory about theories. It holds that people anticipate events by the meanings or interpretations that they place on those events. Kelly called these interpretations personal constructs. His philosophical position, called constructive alternativism, assumes that alternative interpretations are always available to people. Simply, it means that our interpretation of the future are subject to revision or are bound to change. In this manner, a person construe their world from different angles and whatever that angle is, it may not be the right angle in the future. Kelly believed that people construe events according to their personal constructs rather than reality. He also postulated that a person is, in some way, a scientist or vice versa. People generally attempt to solve everyday problems in much the same fashion as scientists; that is, they observe, ask questions, formulate hypotheses, infer conclusions, and predict future events and because scientists are people, their pronouncements should be regarded with the same skepticism as any other data. His assumption was human behavior is shaped by the way people anticipate the future and the constructions made earlier are replaced later in life. Accordingly, it is somehow true to myself. In the simplest experience, when I was in elementary, I wanted to become Pharmacy no matter what it takes or how long will it take. My perception was to go to college earning a pharmacy degree which in essence is the construction I made personally. Then, I went to high school, unexpectedly, I changed my mind. Even though I hold on to my dream of being a Pharmacy, I wasn’t able to reach that because I’ve changed, my wants change. As to the 11 Supporting corollaries postulated by Kelly such as (1) Construction Corollary, a search for repeated themes – replications (2) Individuality Corollary, individuals differ from each other in terms of how they interpret events (3) Organization Corollary, constructs are interrelated and subsuming (4) Dichotomy Corollary, constructs are bipolar and finite in number (5) Choice Corollary, movement in a direction which elaborates the construct system and leads to definition or extension (6) Range Corollary, a construct is applicable for a range of events (7) Experience Corollary, systems change through validation and invalidation (8) Modulation Corollary, permeability of constructs allows the assimilation of new events (9) Fragmentation Corollary, sub-systems of constructs may not be logically related (10) Commonality Corollary, similarity of others is based on similarity of construing. (11) Sociality Corollary, relating to others is successful when the person understands others construing. Among these corollaries, arising from individual’s experience, I consider Individuality Corollary as very true to myself. Kelly’s Individuality Corollary, which states that a person differ from each other in their own constructions of events, stresses how unique the individual is or how individual differences can be visualize.

Free Trade Challenges in the NAIOS Region ( In-Class Exercise ) Case Study

Free Trade Challenges in the NAIOS Region ( In-Class Exercise ) - Case Study Example bring to your attention that my state have massively suffered from food and water contamination due to the effect that comes from use of biological agents by PWP.This has compromised the fish industry among others. The war with Rantania has frustrated any efforts of trade between the two countries. This has really affected our economy as some of our exports like carrots and tobacco have been banned from being imported to Rantania. Our oil is not as precious as it used to be as its facing price pressure from the discovery of off-shore oil and from alternative energy like hydropower in states like Lamar. Instability in the region has compromised foreign direct investments and trade with states outside our region. Under these conditions, my government was forced to enact legislation that not only raises revenue but also protects its citizens. We imposed a 45% tariff on all imported tobacco and 65 % levy on Oil and Oil related products. Due to concerns of water contamination, the importation of fish from Rantania and New Aldonia has been

The beneficial and harmfulness of bureaucracy to the reality of Essay

The beneficial and harmfulness of bureaucracy to the reality of society - Essay Example However it poses severe limitation on individual freedom and idea of republican sovereignty. In a bureaucratic society there is regulation, hierarchy, specialization of tasks, personal and professional life. In a bureaucratic society there is division of labor and competition. There is a legal ideology and many societies have large bureaucratic administration system to manage their common affairs. The countries like India, China, Japan, France and Germany has developed a specialized system of bureaucracy in response to class struggle and monarchy. The maintenance of property relation, production system and labor system are all part of bureaucracy .Bureaucracy is a part of political system and it owes to the existence of a civil society .Bureaucracy is an integral part of many societies and it has its own benefits and harmfulness to the society. Bureaucracy being a system created for a civil society has lot of benefits to offer to a society .In a bureaucracy, the administrative system of a society is in an organized and strategic manner. There is a hierarchy of power and responsibility and there is no misunderstanding regarding the authorization of a person. In such a case people in a society can approach the right person to resolve their issue. Also, in bureaucracy there is fair chance to people and it discourages favoritism. Bureaucrats have good education and responsibility which means they can serve the people in a society in a better way. Much social process in a society takes place with the help of bureaucrats and it makes many areas of government work in a systematic manner. They work to promote public interest and like every day heroes. A society has people from various class, race and religion and in bureac there is no individual difference and people can expect equality. Bureaucracy promises fairness and equality and this is the best part. For a complex

Defending Descarter's Cogito Ergo Sum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Defending Descarter's Cogito Ergo Sum - Essay Example Hence, we should, I think, recognize that it is possible, to a certain extent, to think of things, which certainly do not have a physical form. The justification for my argument is grounded mainly on Descartes’s Meditations. He decisively focused on the argument, as seen in the beginning of Meditations on First Philosophy, confidently carved the independent realms of religion and reason, and trusted that his effort would discreetly, but determinedly, re-establish reason to its legitimate place (Sarkar 2003). However, there are detractors of Descartes’s ‘cogito ergo sum’ (I think, therefore, I am), such as the mostly overlooked philosopher Michel de Montaigne. Montaigne was the forerunner of Descartes, with perspectives on reason that have a great deal of influence on the theories of his descendants in France (Hatfield 2003). Edwin M. Curley claims that the evidence of God’s existence is intertwined with cogito’s premise in this sense (Sarkar 2 003, 110): â€Å"Descartes would hold that even the proposition ‘I exist’ is fully certain only if the rest of the argument of the Meditations goes through. We must buy all or nothing.† However, defending Descartes’s cogito against critics, like Curley, is not the main objective of this paper. It is the primary objective of this paper to demonstrate that there is a contemporary form of the Cartesian Circle—â€Å"I now seem to be able to lay it down as a general rule that whatever I perceive very clearly and distinctly is true† (Lemos 2004, 45)—more overwhelming than the previous version. We should address this contemporary Cartesian Circle. This new version of Descartes’s magnum opus will be required as an unvarying cue soon after, when different approaches toward interpreting the cogito are broken up. Although I support the notion that we can exist even without physical form through thinking, I believe that Descartes’s c ogito has several flaws that have to be addressed in order to make the argument stronger. Certainly, the failure of Descartes to challenge his ability to reason is baffling, because his way of distrusting his senses would have offered him an almost perfect paradigm for distrusting his reason. Descartes could have created skepticisms about his ‘thinking’ that are similar to the skepticism about his senses (Dicker 1993). The first Cartesian Circle of the senses elaborates, and validates, the apparent argument that our senses at times mislead us; the next Cartesian Circle rationalizes a firmer argument, specifically, that at certain points in time we are incapable of making certain whether they mislead us or not (Dicker 1993); and ultimately, as stated in Lemos (2004), the last and most compelling Cartesian Circle is created, specifically, that there is no such thing as senses. Likewise, Descartes could have embarked on these ideas: an initial Cartesian Circle about reason , demonstrating how exercising reason at times deceive us; a next Cartesian Circle to demonstrate that at certain points in time we would be incapable of making sure whether we have used our reason rightfully; and ultimately (Moore 1962), a final Cartesian Circl

Bills of Exchange's Rules In Saudi Arabia Essay

Bills of Exchange's Rules In Saudi Arabia - Essay Example The first law is referred to as the Commercial Court Law, which is popularly referred to as Commercial Court Law. The other law is referred to as Commercial Court Law while the other is the Negotiable Instrument Law. It is worth noting that majority of the provision inherent in these regulations are heavily inspired by sharia laws. The commercial law has a defines critical elements that a document must contain in order to qualify as a bill of exchange. According to Article 1 of the commercial paper law, a bill of exchange must have the word bill written on the face value of the document. The other critical element that must be present in the document, according to Commercial Papers Law is an unconditional order that requires payment of a specific amount. Middle East Economic Digest Conferences (2004) says that the document should also contain the name of the drawer and the drawer. More importantly, it is critical that, there is also place and date creating the bill of payment. Finall y, the drawer must also append his/her signature to the bill to make it valid. Article 2 of the Commercial Papers law further reiterates that when any of the elements in Article are missing then the document seizes to be a bill. The Commercial Papers Law is very comprehensive in that it leaves no hitch that fraudster can capitalize on. Fraudsters are very smart, and they are always on the lookout for gaps that they can use to defraud unsuspecting people. Article 5 of the law is very effective in blocking out potential fraudsters from conducting fraud on transactions involving the bill of exchange. This article expressly states that whenever there is a discrepancy between the amount written in words and the amount written in figures, the amount written in word prevails. The justification of such a move is that amounts written in words are not easy to alter as compared to that mount written in word 12 (Middle East Economic Digest Conferences, 2004).  

Describe a major result of the Civil War on the U.S and assess whether Essay

Describe a major result of the Civil War on the U.S and assess whether the result was good or bad for the country - Essay Example Their money was no good and their homes, buildings and infrastructure demolished. It is estimated that one in four males of military age in the South either died or suffered a crippling injuring during the war (â€Å"The Civil War†, n.d.). There is no credible argument regarding these two outcomes as to whether they were good or bad for the nation. Though rejoining the country is still today a celebrated event in U.S. history, it ultimately caused a negative outcome. The main reason that the Confederacy succeeded from the Union was the issue of States’ rights which are guaranteed by the Constitution but were almost completely lost following the Civil War. In most instances, individual states have the primary legal authority to nullify any actions taken by the federal government as described in the U.S. Constitution. This includes many legal rights up to and including the right to succeed. The Founding Fathers drafted this concept into the Constitution because they knew all too well that a decentralized federal government is less likely to become tyrannical because the people are better able to hold it accountable. The Founders’ intent was not necessarily to give the states additional powers but to limit the authority of the federal government and to alleviate the fear that it would exercise powers it was not given. This concept was understood by the Founders, the Confederacy and many of both conservative and liberal ideology since the earliest beginnings of the nation (Epstein, 2003). Within Article I, Section Eight of the Constitution is a purposely restricted set of responsibilities allocated to the federal government. It prints the money, regulates commerce and provides for the common defense, in other words, funds the military. The 1819 U.S. Supreme Court decided that the federal government also possessed certain ‘implied powers’ in the McCulloch v. Maryland

Management Case Study about iPhone Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management about iPhone - Case Study Example Jobs had the ability to create a lot of free publicity, thus giving Apple’s product launch a lot of attention (Isaacson 2011, p. 432). This marketing strategy ensured that people already wanted to own the iPhone long before it was launched. According to analysts, the attention Apple created for its new product resulted in the company pushing its sales from five hundred thousand to a million units within the first two days after its launch. Another reason for its success in the American market is its cut in pricing. Ten weeks after its launch, Apple made a significant cut in prices of its products that made the iPhone cheaper than other smartphones in its category. Other factors to the Apple’s success are the customer services at the Apple stores, Apple creating products that even its creators would want to own, the simplicity of Apple’s products and the ease to use, and Apple always aiming to be ahead of its competitors (Apple Inc.s iPhone 2008, p.4). When Apple first ventured into Europe, it was met with the same enthusiasm it had in the American market. According to analysts, the hype created when iPhone was launched in Europe, resulted in an enormous success represented by approximately three hundred and thirty thousand sales in only three months. However, Apple has not been able to capture the European markets as it has in America. Its failure is due to its inability to provide its customers with phones that could be operated by any mobile network providers. Apple’s competitors have the advantage of being able to provide this function to their customers. The shortcoming resulted in short-lived success (Cavusgil, Knight, Riesenberger, Rammal, & Rose 2014, p. 243). Apple’s marketing plan should be mostly focused on the younger generation. Although it is important to focus on all age groups, it is the younger generation who will be more open-minded to new technologies and devices.

Parking Problems in the Florida National University Essay

Parking Problems in the Florida National University - Essay Example In the Florida National University, the issue of parking and campus traffic is increasingly crippling movement. This paper will show policies that can be adopted by the university to reduce parking problems. In many colleges, the problem is addressed by restricting students driving, or simply by allocating parking slots on a first-come-first-served basis (Shoup 21). While these approaches have produced varying levels of success, they have significantly reduced on-campus traffic. However, there are a few associated problems. For example, disabled students should be allowed to drive or be driven to school because o their conditions. In addition, lecturers and other important staff members serve the concern of a large number of people, implying they should not be required to compete with students for parking space in their places of work (Shoup 21). Therefore, despite the merits of the mentioned approaches, there is a need for more conclusive approaches. An economy-based approach has been proposed by Shoup. He proposes that in controlling the parking fees for students and other staff in campuses, it is possible to reduce traffic (Shoup 29). For example, parking lots close to lecture halls and offices are susceptible to traffic congestions. Raising the parking fee in these areas is likely to take them out of the reach of students and thus reduce traffic. Following the laws of economics, reducing the demand increases the supply. Therefore, increasing the prices of parking tickets in vital areas is bound to reduce the strain of parking problems on the campus. However, there is still a predicament with this approach because it requires all people to pay for parking. By extension, all members of staff and special needs groups with no alternative would fall victim to the plan. Therefore, despite the merits of this plan, it raises other problems (Kilbert and Tali 65).

Virtual Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Virtual Learning - Essay Example Pursel and Bailey (2005) focus their attention on how online video games can contribute to the elearning processes and stimulate them. They explore a number of resources demonstrating that there are two primary limitations of online learning. Learners generally lack motivation and they do not interact enough during their online courses. Pursel and Bailey (2005) propose that in order to enhance the elearning possibilities new approaches should be adopted by teachers. The new generation processes information in a different way in comparison to their parents', consequently methods used in online games have to be included in the virtual learning. The author's main purpose in writing the article is to offer an alternative solution in overcoming the decreasing interest and value of courses conducted online. Their attempt presents innovative and facilitating model of the learning within the virtual world. Education is a great asset which transforms communication in a higher level. The benefits of good quality online education, however are not available to the urban sections of society. Pursel and Bailey (2005) provide information only about the U.S. consumers and do not refer to sources about the rest of the world. Yajnik (2005) notes that information technology is such a powerful tool that has the potential to make education available even to people in remote locations. The primary limitations lack of interactivity and motivation deficit that Pursel and Bailey (2005) have to be related to a specific strata from the society and clarifications made about the economic status from the country in questions. The generalizations delivered by Pursel and Bailey (2005) show limited research scope. A problematic issue is that the majority of those who drop out of the online courses do not find them challenging enough. It is of critical importance to emphasize that Pursel and Bailey's (2005) pr oposal to incorporate video games strategies into elearning is directed mainly to satisfy the requirements of U.S. student audience. In countries with developing economies students are willing to engage in all kinds of learning to higher their educational background. Yajnik (2005) suggests that the growth in communication technology in India widens the divide between those who have access and those who do not. The main task of elearning methods is not to increase the social gap introducing video games methodology, but to make it possible for underdeveloped countries to have the same opportunities. Implementing video games in the structure of online courses will create immediate exclusion of certain users. E-learning tutors might not want to risk "information exclusion" of their students by complex design or unaffordable software. Kenya's education minister, Professor George Saitoti (cited in Ogodo, 2007) says that when integrated into educational system the Internet Communication technologies "have the capacities to improve the delivery of education through distance learning, provide access to universal digital libraries, offer ways in which universities can globally compete and offer improvements in academic administration (par. 17)." The elearning technologies offer new ways in which the quality and effectiveness of higher education is delivered. However the way in which elearning will be made constructive depends on the

Natural Science Essay Example for Free

Natural Science Essay The relevance of this test question is to determine which brand of leading paper towels is the best most absorbent. Consumers want to use the product that is most effective at meeting their needs. A more expensive product may actually be more cost effective if you can use less of it than a brand that costs less. Literature Review Many experiments have been conducted to test the strength and absorbency of paper towels. While the steps of the experiment vary from test to test, all of experiments are testing the same two factors; how much water can each paper towel brand absorb and how strong are each of the paper towels. Below I have reviewed the process and results from three experiments that are similar to the one I will be using. In the first experiment, the tester uses five brands of paper towels to test for absorbency, using paper towels of the same size to ensure the accuracy of the results. He draws a two inch circle in the center of a sheet of paper towel from each brand represented and placing the paper towel in an embroidery hoop to maintain stability. He then drops fifteen drops of water into the center of the circle draw on the paper towel, repeating the process for each brand, and measures the amount of time it takes the paper towel to wick the moisture outside of the circle. This test concludes that Bounty has the greatest absorbency. The next experiment tests for both absorbency and strength. As in the first test, several different brands of paper towels were used. In this experiment, to test the absorbency, the tester takes a sheet of each of the towels an inserts it into a glass with two ounces of water and leaves each sit for twenty seconds. After the twenty seconds expired, the tester removed the paper towel from the glass and rang out each paper towel into a measuring cup to see how much water each towel had absorbed. The second part of the experiment is conducted by stretching sheets of each paper towel through an embroidery hoop, placing 25 pennies in the center of the paper towel, and adding water to the towel drop by drop until the pennies fall through. The strongest paper towel in this test was Brawny Brand. The final experiment that I reviewed also tested for absorbency. The theory behind this experiment was the faster that water moves through the towel, the more absorbent it is. The experimenter cut strips from each paper towel, one inch wide and six inches long. A mark is drawn on each paper towel one inch from the end using a waterproof marker. The strip is then held in a glass of water with the bottom inch submerged, timing how long it takes for the water to travel the length of the strip. The process is then repeated for each brand that is being tested. The most absorbent brand in this test was Brawny. Experimental Design A. Steps in Experimental Procedure The absorbency of the towels will be tested by the speed the water moves through the paper towels, the faster the water moves, the more absorbent the towel is. I will be using the following brands of paper towels in my experiment: Brawny, Bounty, Sparkle and Scott. Other supplies necessary to complete the experiment are: a waterproof marker, and a sixteen-ounce glass of water, and a timer that registers tenths of a second. 1. Prepare three samples of paper towel from each brand by cutting strips of each that is 2 inches wide and six inches long. 2. Using a water-proof marker, draw a line across each paper towel one inch from the bottom. 3. Fill a sixteen ounce glass with water and prepare timer. 4. Take the first strip of paper towel and submerge it up to the line in the glass of water while holding it vertical to the glass while starting the timer. 5. Allow the timer to run until the water is absorbed through the paper towel and reaches the end of the towel not submerged. 6. Stop the timer and record the time in tenths of seconds. 7. Repeat steps 4 through 6 for all three strips of each brand. B. Reasoning for Choosing my Experimental Design Plan The reason I chose this design for my experiment is because it seemed to be more accurate than other testing methods I found during my literature review and could be performed with items I already had in my home. The experiment where the tester rang out the paper towels and measure the water that they had absorbed is less accurate because there is no guarantee of exerting the same amount of force each time you ring out a towel. There is no way to completely drain the towel of all of the liquid it absorbed. Stretching the paper towel samples across the embroidery frame is sound way to perform the experiment but it would have required the purchase of additional materials. C. Sequence of Events to Collect Quantitative Data I will begin the collection of quantitative data by cutting the paper towel samples from each brand into strips that are one inch wide by six inches long, to ensure that all of the samples will be equal. I will use the same glass of water for each test to ensure the water composition is the same for each test. I have created a spreadsheet in excel with a column listing each of the brands being tested and three columns for the time in tenths of a second to be entered upon completion of the experiment. During the experiment, I will make notes on a tablet of the brand name and the time recorded to be entered into the spreadsheet upon completion of the entire experiment. D. Describe Tools, Technologies, and Measurement Units that are used to Collect the Data To collect the data for this experiment I will use one inch wide by six inch long strips of paper towel from each of the brands being tested, a black water-proof marker to mark the strips of paper towel, an eight ounce glass of water, my hand to hold the strip vertical to the glass once submerged as indicated in the experimental procedure, a timer that measures tenths of a second, and a pad and pencil to record the initial results. Once the experiment is complete I will transfer the results of the experiments to the spreadsheet that I have created using Microsoft Excel. I will also use excel to create the graphic representation of the experiment results. Dependent, Independent and Controlled Variables of the Experiment The independent variable in my paper towel experiment is the one inch by six inch strip of paper towel taken from a roll of each brand of paper towel used in the experiment. The dependent variable in the experiment is the amount of time it takes the water to travel the length of the strip of paper towel measured in tenths of a second. The controlled variables of the experiment are using the same glass of water, same size sample of paper towel, and same timer for each test in the experiment. Threat Reduction to Internal Validity To reduce internal threats to validity I will use the same size piece of each paper towel from each brand for each test to conduct the experiment, marking each piece with a line at exactly one inch from the bottom. I will use the same water sample to ensure the liquid being absorbed by each sample strip is identical; the same timer will be used for each test to ensure the accuracy of the time recorded for each test. I will also monitor my results for outliers in the time required to absorb the water through each test towel to ensure the results are valid for each test. Hypothesis The sample of Bounty paper towels will soak up the water through the length of paper towel faster than the other brands because it is thicker than the other brands being tested. I have arrived at this conclusion because the dual layers of towel that are present in the sample of Bounty create a greater surface to absorb water. The other brands are much thinner and have less thickness to soak up water.

Complementary Therapies in UK Medicine

Complementary Therapies in UK Medicine There is an increasing use of complementary therapies and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) nowadays, and its use has steadily increased over the last ten to fifteen years in United Kingdom (UK) (Ernst and White 2000; 35). A more specifically data obtained within the UK has shown that there is a rapid increase in the use of complementary therapies and CAM with an estimated 15 million users nationwide (Andrew 2003; 337; House of Lords Select Committee 2000). It is estimated that this sector in the UK is rapidly expanding 1.6 billion pounds per annum industry, with around 60,000 practitioners, over 170 professional associations and around 5 million patients (Budd and Mills, 2000). The use of complementary therapies and CAM widely based in specific disease entities such as cancer, cystic fibrosis and asthma, in clinical settings such as obstetrical care and paediatric oncology and by international geographic locations (Yeh et al. 2000; 56). The concept of holism, which is an appreciation of the inter-relationship between body, mind and spirit, and recognition of the socio-cultural factors are fundamental to complementary therapies and medicine (Tiran 2006; 341). A number of definitions for complementary therapies and medicine have been proposed by different researchers. One of the definitions given is a broad domain of healing resource that encompasses health systems, modalities and practices and their accompany theories and beliefs, other than those intrinsic to the dominant health system of a particular society or culture in a given historical period (Snyder and Lindquist 2001; 6). According to Uzun and Tan (2004; 239), complementary therapy is defined as therapy used in conjunction with conventional therapy. Existing studies on complementary therapies and medicine focus mainly on two things. One is the focus on the specific mechanisms of actions such as particular herbal remedies, homeopathic medicines and essential oils, often with regard to assessing their safety and efficacy; the other one is focusing on specific therapies and medicine modalities such as herbal medicine, homeopathy and aromatherapy, as if they are stable or not, uniform and constant forms of health care practice (Williams 2000; 163). CURRENT ISSUES IN THE COMPLEMENTARY THERAPY AND CAM There is a steady increase in the use of complementary therapies and CAM by the general public in the last two decades (Ernst and White 2000: 32). This is parallel to their increased used in health care settings, including the UK NHS (Richardson 2001). In 1998, only 10% from 22 million visits to complementary therapy practitioners in England were though NHS contacts, highlighting a clear need for the provision of equitable and appropriate access to these services (Thomas et al. 2001; 8). Cancer patients are amongst the main users of complementary therapies in the UK, with up to a third of patients having received one or more complements therapies (Wilkinson 2002; 68). Due to the increase in demand, the UK government has commissioned a House of Lords Select Committee Report on complementary therapies (House of Lords Select Committee 2000). In order to have a clearer and better understanding of the complementary therapies, the report recognised the urgent need for the generation of high quality research evidence to support the complementary therapy and CAM use (House of Lords Select Committee 2000). The Prince of Wales Foundation for Integrated Health (FIH) has also recognised the need to combine the best of complementary therapy with conventional health care (Robert et al. 2005; 116). In order to deliver a good quality of complementary therapy, FIH has produced national guidelines for their use within the field of supportive and palliate care (FIH 2003). For application by the managers and commissioners of complementary therapy services within the field, the guidelines is used to inform service development and management, and practice development (Roberts et al. 2005; 116). REGULATIONS AND PROFESSIONAL BODIES OF COMPLEMENTARY THERAPY The number of people using complementary therapies and CAM in the K continues to grow (Thomas et al. 2001; 2). Unfortunately, a high proportion of complementary therapies and CAM practitioners in the UK are unregulated and due to the increased in demand, there is a need of certain mechanisms to protect the public against skilled practitioners (Mills 2001; 158). At present, a General Practitioner (GP) can only delegate treatment to complementary therapists, and the GP are responsible for the treatment provided and their effects (Walker and Budd 2002; 8). Two therapies which have achieved statutory self-regulation are osteopathy and chiropractors (Walker and Budd 2002: 8). Regulations and Professional Bodies of Aromatherapy Aromatherapy was introduced in the UK during 1960s and is one of the fastest growing complementary therapies with number of registered therapists increase from 2500 to 6000 between 1991 and 2000 (Walkman and Budd 2002: 13). The Aromatherapy Organisation Council (AOC) is an umbrella body represented by members from 13 established professional associations and claims to be the governing body for the aromatherapy profession in UK (AOC 2000). The AOC (2000) have welcomed and supported the findings of the select committee report, even though there is no statement stressing on the need for statutory regulation for aromatherapy but AOC will continue with their process under the Health Act 1999 towards statutory self-regulation to ensure public safety. Regulations and Professional Bodies of Osteopaths and Chiropractors The osteopathic and chiropractic professions have struggled for many years to be recognised as part of mainstream medicine (Walker and Budd 2002; 12). In May 2000, the Osteopathic Act was set up and enforced, making it a criminal offence for those who are not on the General Osteopathic Council register to call them osteopathic (GOsC 1999). On the other hand, Chiropractors Act was enforced in June 2001 and the conditions are the same as Osteopathic Act whereby those failing to join the General Chiropractic Council statutory register are considered as a criminal offense (Copland-Griffths 1999: 5). Regulations and Professional Bodies of Herbalists In 1993, the European Herbal Practitioners Association (EHPA) was formed and the Medicine Control Agency (MCA) and Department of Health have been working with EHPA on legislation aimed at protecting public safety and the rights of herbalists to prescribe herbs (Walker and Budd 2002: 12). Regulations and Professional Bodies of Acupuncturists The main regulatory body of acupuncturists in the UK is the British Acupuncture Council (BAcC) with 2200 members and was formed in 1995 (Walker and Budd 2002: 12). British Acupuncture Accreditation Board (BAAB) was also being set up and well-established for educational standard(Walker and Budd 2002: 12), and Regulation Action Group was set up too to carry out an extension consultation exercise which include regional group meetings and discussing options for regulations (BAcC 1999). WHO USES COMPLEMENTARY THERAPY AND CAM? According to the study carried out by Fox et al. (2010; 95), the prevalence rate for visits to complementary therapies practitioners in UK increased from 20% in 1998 to 27% in 2002. The practitioners most frequently visited in UK (reflexology, aromatherapy, acupuncture, chiropractic and so forth) are similar to other findings done by other researchers (MacLennan et al. 2002; 170). UK complementary therapies and CAM users are more likely to be well educated, affluent, middle-aged and employed especially those suffering from panic, anxiety and depression, and the findings are similar to international findings (Fox et al. 2010; 95). According to Risberg et al. (2004; 532), females showed more positive view towards complementary therapies and CAM than males. Consistent with the above findings of the complementary therapy and CAM, studies have found that a range of non-life threatening but long-term chronic conditions to be the most (Willison and Andrews 2004; 83). Wellman et al. (2001; 18) found that older CAM users typically presented with chronic non-life threatening conditions such as musculoskeletal problems (50%) and emotional problems (10%). Andrews (2002; 360) found that 59% of complementary therapies and CAM users were encountering musculoskeletal problem (including 11.3% for arthritis and 20% for chronic back pain) and 11% for emotional and mental health problems. On the other hand, Fautrel et al. (2002; 2438) were more specific and found use of complementary therapy and CAM on thyroid disease and arthritis. In the research carried out by Williamson et al. (2003; 25), complementary therapy and CAM users were found to use the treatments for moderate pain relief (54.8%) and in terms of general well-being, health fitness improvement purpose (45.2%) and life quality improvement (40.5%). FACTORS OF USING COMPLEMENTARY THERAPYAND CAM In the study carried out by Wellman et al. (2001), he found out that consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s pathway to use complementary therapy had consulted a physician or specialist but subsequently turned to complementary therapy and CAM because the physician or specialist failed to help them. Similarly, Andrews (2002; 361) found dissatisfaction with orthodox medicine lead them opt for complementary therapies and CAM. On the other study, both Wellman et al. (2001) and Andrews (2002; 361) concluded that advice from families members and friends influence both their choice to use CAM and which complementary therapy to select. A study conducted by Lewith et al. (2002; 104) has found that 32% of patients indicated they were currently receiving some form of complementary therapies, suggesting a trend is increasing in usage of complementary therapies over recent years. An earlier survey showed that 70% of National Health Service (NHS) Hospitals in England and Wales were offering one or more complementary therapies in the management of cancer care, with relaxation and aromatherapy being the most commonly available (Scott et al. 2005; 132). AROMATHERAPY Definition Aromatherapy involves the therapeutic use of essential plant oils and has existed for 5000 years (Barclay et al. 2006; 141). It is increasing being used in the cancer care and dermatology settings (Fellowes et al. 2004). Ways of Application Essential oils are applied to the skin by various method, such as ingested or inhaled, and they bring no harm unless it is used incorrectly (Steflitsch and Steflitsch 2008; 76). Aromatherapy massage is the most widely used complementary therapy in nursing practice (Macmillan Cancer Relief 2002). Who Uses It and Effects of Aromatherapy According to Kimber (2002; 22), aromatherapy massage helps to improve self-image during pregnancy and may aid acceptance of physical changes in mother. The relaxation effects generated also extend to the foetus (Diego et al. 2002; 404). Besides that, massage is found to be able to stimulate production of endorphins and decrease blood pressure, through its effect on the parasympathetic nervous system (Casar 2001; 11). Aromatherapy massage facilitates the absorptions of essential oils via the skin (Buckley 2002; 277), and aromatherapy is one of the primary therapy used to treat anxiety (Long et al. 2001; 182). In addition, essential oils are able to stimulate areas associated with smell in the limbic system of the brain and evidence that odours affect emotions and cognition (Alexander 2002; 54). Study conducted by (Steflitsch and Steflitsch 2008; 78) found that cancer patients receiving aromatherapy significantly improved quality of life and anxiety. According to Burns (2000; 84), an analysis of 8058 mothers who had received aromatherapy between 1989 and 1990 indicated that more than 50% of mothers found it helpful to release stress and relaxing. Ballard et al. (2002; 556) conducted a double-blind study involving dementia patients with clinically significant agitation treated with Melissa oil from eight NHS nursing homes in UK and concluded that those treated with Melissa group showed a higher significant improvement in reducing aggression than the control group by the fourth week. Besides that, aromatherapy is believed to have beneficial effect in reducing back pain and periarticular pain and Dolara et al. (2000: 357) had proven that aromatherapy exerts a strong anaesthetic effect that able to block the sodium current and thus reduce pain. Besides that, Friedman et al. (2002; 1555) concluded that essential oils have specific antibiotics and antifungal properties, and have significant beneficial effect on the urinary tract infection. BENEFITS AND OUTCOMES OF OTHER COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES AND CAM The role of complementary therapy and CAM is mainly focusing on imposing the patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s quality of life (Roberts et al. 2005; 119) which includes psychological, social, spiritual and practical (Kaasa 2000). In one cancer clinical survey of trial patients carried out by Sparbe et al. (2000; 627), respondents informed that complementary therapies helped to enhance patientsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ quality of life by improving the capability of coping with stress and decreasing the discomfort of treatments. Boon et al. (2000; 2518) found that most of the breast cancer patients use complementary therapy to boost their immune systems. Some patients claimed that complementary therapy is playing an essential role in ameliorating and curing conditions including chronic problems (Luff and Thomas 2000; 256). DRAWBACK IN THE COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES AND CAM Complementary therapies and CAM are progressively being integrated into conventional health care through their provision in the UK NHS and independent hospice movement (Macmillan Cancer Relief 2002). However, there has been little effective evidence to support these developments in UK and this suggests that most complementary therapies and CAM services development over the last 10 years were in creeping developments (Roberts et al. 2005; 117). In conjunction to this matter, there is a need for the initiation of more scientific research to investigate individual complementary therapy and CAM (Wilkinson 2002; 468). In addition, there is also a need to evaluate the effectiveness of the provision of complementary therapy and CAM as an integrated NHS service, across acute and primary care (Roberts et al. 2005; 117). Many researches have been using randomised control trials in the study of the effectiveness of the individual complementary therapy and CAM interventions (House of Lords Select Committee 2000). However, such approach does not allow for a more complex multi-dimensional analysis of the effectiveness of service provision as a whole (Roberts et al. 2005; 118). Besides that, it is also difficult to determine the effect of short-term versus long-term use of complementary and CAM therapies (Jones et al. 2010; 151). Currently there are still a limited numbers of real complementary therapy and CAM professionals (Furnhan 2002; 44). Health professionals such as doctors and nurses also highlighted their lack of knowledge on complementary therapy and CAM consumption (Salmenpera et al. 2003; 360). Physicians have been reported to be indifferent or opposed to complementary therapy and CAM uses (Risberg et al. 2004; 530). This may be due to lack of understanding by clinicians, through a lack of appropriate education and doubts about the benefits offered by complementary therapy (Corbin-Winslow and Shapiro 2002; 1178). The issue of physicianà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s emphasis on scientific evidence and their lack of understanding may contribute to the lack of effective explanation to the patients of the purpose of complementary therapy interventions (Tasaki et al. 2002; 217). CONCLUSION Aromatherapy has shown in various studies to overcome anxiety and panic, back pain, fungal and virus infection, dementia and pregnancy stress. In conjunction with this, the future clinical application of aromatherapy will probably have a place to be integrated in clinical medicine, especially in the hospitals, clinics and health care centres. However, more future research needs to be carried out in order to identify the beneficial aspect and it effects of different essential oils. This is because essential oils exhibit pharmacological, antimicrobial, physiological and psychological properties. It is a waste if there is no much research to explore the vast beneficial potentials hidden in the essential oils in order to determine its clinical potential in healing. The finding indicating physicians expressed more negative attitude towards complementary therapy and CAM compared to other health professionals such as doctors and nurses in UK is essential. This is because from this moment a better training and attitude can be provided to the physicians and other health care professionals so that they can have a better understanding on the importance and potentials of these therapies and medicine. In fact, it might also improve the understanding and cooperation between the health care professionals and the practitioners so that the practitioners can get a better confident, service and treatment from the health care professionals and physicians in the future. Besides that, quantitative and qualitative research on short-term and long-term effects of the therapies and CAM must be emphasised more in order to obtain more accurate and precise data proving the reliability, consistency and accuracy of the research. This is also to allow the public to have a wider choice in selecting the best treatment for their health.

Coffee Marketing in Mana Woreda

Coffee Marketing in Mana Woreda 4.5.1. Market Places Market is an important factor that affects household decision-making in agricultural activities. Access to markets is a distance measured in kilometers to reach the nearest market. The study revealed the infrastructure in Mana woreda is generally satisfactory. There is an availability of market places near to villages with easy road access and proximity to larger towns. This has assisted farmers to reduce their transport cost and enlarge their market surplus and margins. The access has further supported to increase coffee production by the farming households. According to the survey result, it is confirmed that the average distance from the main road is at about 2km and from a rather close average distance from the main village market is at about 3.7 Km. Sample households are also located at a distance of 4.2km from cooperatives. The main market center is in Yebbu town, which is the woreda capital. 4.5.2. Market Participants Coffee passes through several stages before it reaches the ultimate consumers. These stages are local collection station, processing, storage, transportation and grading, exporting and domestic distribution. Both governmental and private enterprises are participating in collecting, processing, wholesaling and exporting activities (Elias, 2005). This study identified different coffee market participants in the exchange functions between farmers and final consumers. The major coffee market participants in the study area include coffee farm households, local collectors, wholesalers (suppliers) and Cooperatives. Coffee growers are the primary actors who cultivate and supply coffee to the market. They do not have adequate, reliable and timely market information than traders which forced them to sell their produce at low selling price. Local collectors are farmers or part time traders in assembly markets who collect coffee from farmers in village markets for the purpose of reselling it to wholesalers and consumers in the main market center. They use their financial resources and local knowledge to collect a bulk of coffee from the surrounding area. Wholesalers are known for purchase of coffee in a large amount with better financial and information capacity. They purchase coffee either directly from farmers or local collectors. They distribute large amount of coffee to the regional market (Jimma) and to terminal markets (Addis Ababa). Service Cooperatives (primary societies) made up of different local peasant associations play an important role in organizing farmers. They own washing stations a nd warehouses. They purchase coffee from the farmers and distribute to unions. 4.5.3. Marketing Channels Generally, four marketing channels were identified in the study area where coffee was passing from producers to consumers. The first channel was passing coffee from producers via coffee primary cooperatives to export through secondary cooperatives (Unions). In the second channel producers sold dried coffee to collectors who were selling to primary cooperatives to be exported directly through the Union. The third channel is a principal marketing channel with larger number of marketing agents through which sun dried coffee is passed from the coffee growers to coffee collectors and dry processed coffee is passed from coffee wholesalers to export market. In the last channel, coffee growers sell their coffee to wholesalers to export through exporters. The coffee marketing channels of the study area can be sketched like this: Therefore, the structure of coffee marketing system in the study area was characterized by the presence of individual coffee farmers to the production side and coffee primary cooperatives, local collectors and wholesalers (suppliers) to the marketing side. The Oromia Coffee Farmers’ Cooperative Union and private exporters were the members of the coffee marketing structure outside the study area. 4.5.4. Place and Price of Coffee Sale As the starting point for the distribution of coffee from producer to final consumer, farm respondents were asked where they were selling their different forms of coffee. According to the sample respondents, the major market places for selling both red cherry and sun-dried coffee were the nearest local markets for collectors, primary cooperative associations and Yebbu town (main market center of the woreda) for wholesalers and other marketing agents. With respect to whom the sample farm households are selling their coffee among the different marketing agents (intermediaries), they responded differently with regard to red cherry and sun-dried coffee. Farmers sell their coffee in the form of red cherry during harvesting and in sun-dried form after storing for some months. For the red cherry coffee, the majority (about 72.3%) of the farm household were sold to the Cooperatives. The remaining 19.2% and 8.6% were sold to Local collectors and Wholesalers respectively. Local collectors purchase the bulk of coffee in the case of sun dried (70.8%) from farm households where as the remaining 22% and 7.2% of sun-dried coffee bought by coffee wholesalers and cooperatives respectively. As indicated in the above table 4.10, from the total production of coffee, the sample farm respondents are producing more of sun-dried coffee (63%) than that of red cherry (37%). The red cherry coffee will be sold immediately after harvesting mostly for cooperatives which have washing stations and hand pulpers. According to the survey result, the principal cost of the farmers was cost of transporting coffee to the market followed by labor cost. Regarding with price, there is a difference in the price between red cherry and sun-dried coffee. The price of sun-dried coffee was higher than that of red cherry. All of the sample farm respondents in the study area reported that the average price for red cherry was nearly 6 Birr/kg during the last harvest season whereas for sun-dried coffee the mean price was 24.4 Birr/kg. But the prices of both types of coffee were fluctuating from time to time. Farmers sell their coffee for cooperatives as well as local traders. They preferred to sell their coffee to cooperatives because most of the sample farm households are members of the cooperatives and the prices of cooperatives for red cherry and sun-dried coffee were better than the other local traders. But, cooperatives were not active participants in the early and late seasons and favored to buy red cherry. During this time farmers were forced to sell their coffee (especially sun-dried) to local traders at a lower price due to limited bargaining power. According to the survey result, the sample respondents replied that there is no uniform coffee price at the market place. The reason for difference in the price of coffee was color difference (2.6%), quality difference (89.7%) and Farmer’s negotiating capacity (8.7%). Prices were exclusively determined by traders negotiating with farmers during time of transaction. Majority of farmers responded that they were price takers. Price setters were mostly local traders (81.7%) and only 18.3% of the farmers were in a position to decide on coffee price. Regarding with the terms of payment, 76.2 percent of the respondents stated that they were selling their coffee on cash basis and received the price as soon as they sold. According to the survey result, 71.3 percent of the respondents replied that the trend of coffee market is apparently decreasing across time. The reason behind this is the fluctuation and volatility of coffee price. Hence, the benefits earned from the production of coffee are significantly deteriorating because of the declining prices of coffee in the market.

Essay on Resolution of Conflict in The Tempest -- Tempest essays

Resolution of Conflict in The Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Tempest, like any text, is a product of its context. It is constructed in relation to moral or ethical concerns of 17th century European Jacobean society. The resolution of conflict appears 'natural' or an inevitable consequence if regarded in relation to the concerns of its context. The resolution of conflict in this play incorporates Prospero being returned to his 'rightful' or natural position as Duke of Milan, his daughter Miranda getting married to Ferdinand, and the party returning to Milan leaving the island to the 'monster', Caliban. The resolution is a consequence of the concerns of the time, including the idea of the divine right of kings, courtly love, and colonisation.    Conflict between the two brothers, Prospero and Antonio, for the powerful position of Duke is resolved when Prospero is crowned; this is presented as 'natural' through the idea of the 'divine right of kings'. In Jacobean society, the religious belief was that the King (James I at the time of this play) was divinely willed to have this position, and that there was a connection between God and the King. Shakespeare mimics this idea by often relating Prospero to God throughout The Tempest, with stage directions such as 'Prospero on top, invisible' which   positions him 'close to God' and by his power to manipulate and control the lives of others:    'mine enemies are a... ... conflict.    The resolution of conflict in The Tempest is thus naturalised and constructed as an inevitable consequence through the use of moral and ethical concerns in the play, including the 'divine right of kings', the 'great chain of being', courtly love, colonising discourse and expanding territory. The Tempest thus incorporates concerns of the Jacobean 17th century context, used to naturalise the resolution.    Bibliography    Shakespeare, W. The Tempest. Ed. Sutherland, J.R. (1990)    "Tempest & Court Masques" By H. C. Sherwood    Meller, A., Moon, G.T. Literary Shakespeare (1993) Sydney: Canon Publications    Lecture on "The Tempest" (1988)   C. Holmes   

Endgame by Samuel Beckett :: essays research papers

As stated by Cohn in her article " 'Endgame': The Gospel According to Sad Sam Beckett" there is much evidence given relating to the many comparable instances between the Bible and Beckett's â€Å"Endgame.† With this interpretation as well as the discussion about the significance of the title, and the constant reference to the end of the world, it is nearly impossible to see Beckett's â€Å"Endgame† as anything other than a post-apocalyptic tale. I found particularly interesting Cohn's relation to Beckett's Hamm and the Bible's Ham. Ham being the son of Noah, as Cohn states, he is responsible for the survival of life. In the Bible, Ham obeys the wishes of his father, and thus God, and devoted his life to the expansion of humanity and the earth's mere existence. As the Noah story tells, God, unhappy with the world, creates a mass flood that kills the entire world's population, barring a male and a female of every species. This boatload of beings was to start th e world anew, to try and make it a better place. If Hamm is supposed to be a comparison to the Biblical Ham, could it not also be considered the Biblical Ham if things had gone wrong? Hamm, throughout the story welcomes the apocalypse, curses God and is contemptuous to his own existence. If the Biblical Ham had been his contemptuous person, could God not have sent yet another apocalypse to yet again end the world and try again? Is Beckett trying to say that it took more than one try for God himself to get it right? I find this a much clearer reading then one of each character being part of the brain. The text supports this in many ways, most already supported by Cohn. Her evidence, however, lead me to this conclusion. Her description of the resurrections also works with this theory. The world had many resurrections, all in the pursuit of a better place. Basically I find this play an instance of "What if?" What if Ham (Biblical) had screwed up? What if God’s great plan of the flood did not work? I also find Beckett's description of the small boy, the glimmer of hope, to be an image of a savior, possibly Jesus. This savior is another attempt by God to make a perfect world. In relating this theory to that of the term "endgame" one can also determine that possible life, humanity is in a constant game with God, or some higher being.

The Ontology of Many-Worlds: Modality and Time Essays -- Compare Contr

The Ontology of Many-Worlds: Modality and Time ABSTRACT: There are two types of theories regarding many worlds: one is modal, while the other is temporal. The former regards reality as consisting of many possible worlds, while the latter holds that reality consists of many momentary worlds, which are usually called moments. I compare these two theories, paying close attention to the concept of transworld identity and compare trans-possible world identity with trans-momentary world identity (or transmoment identity). I characterize time from the point of many-worlds view, believing this to be one of the best ways of grasping the reality of time. First, I show that there is reason to adopt the many-worlds view because transworld identity is meaningful for both of them, while it is not for space. Second, I argue that transmoment identity is different from transpossible world identity concerning reality. The former is a realistic relation, while the latter is not. Thus, I find that the reality of time is in the relation of transmomen t identity. Such a view, I contend, has merit on the basis that it recognizes the reality of time in a sense that is not true of space. Introduction There are two kinds of theories of many-worlds; the one is modal and the other temporal. The former regards the reality as consisting of many possible worlds, while the latter as consisting of many momentary worlds, which usually are called 'moments'. (1) In this paper I make a comparison between modal and temporal theories of many-worlds, especially paying attention to the concept of transworld identity and so making a comparison between trans-possible-world identity and trans-momentary-world identity (or trans-moment identity abbreviately). (2... ... for the present argument. (5) Kaplan's theory of direct reference does not necessarily presuppose the ontology of many-worlds. So my critcism is not directed for his theory itself but for its application to the ontological explanation of trans-moment identity. (6) This sentence is a slight modification of the example which Kaplan himself used. (Kaplan, D., 1989, p. 577, n.21) References (Kaplan, D., 1977) "Demonseratives", in Themes from Kaplan, Almog, J. etc. ed., Oxford University Press, 1989, pp.481-563. (Kaplan, D., 1989) "Afterthoughts", in Themes from Kaplan,pp.565-614. (Kripke, S.,1980) Naming and Necessity (2nd ed.), Basil Blackwell. (Lewis, D., 1986) On the Plurality of Worlds, Basil Blackwell. (McCall, S., 1994) A Model of the Universe, Oxford University Press. (McTaggart, J., 1908) "The Unreality of Time", Mind 18, pp.457-484.

Reflective Critique Essay

â€Å"As important as methods may be, the most practical thing we can achieve in any kind of work is insight into what is happening inside us as we do it. The more familiar we are with our inner terrain, the more sure footed our [work] – and living- becomes.† P. J. Palmer (cited in Skovholt, T. M., 2001). The pursuit for self-awareness or self-understanding is a chief factor of valuable reflective practice. Counsellors need not only to be conscious of their abilities, facts and presentation as professionals, but also wary of any private aspects that may mess with or obstruct their capability to supply an efficient and objective service. Counselling professionals in their everyday practice encounter unique and difficult circumstances which may be impossible to resolve by only scientific rationale approaches. Any counsellor employing the technique of reflective practice knows that this is as an approach which promotes deeper understanding and elicits critical thinking ski lls that spawns opportunities for further personal development. This course of Professional Development is one means of developing reflective practice, linking the internal and external worlds of the practitioner. II.The Model of Reflective Practice: With the preceding information in mind, I have come to realize that reflective practice can be a very beneficial process in my own professional development as an educator, because both teaching and learning processes requires special knowledge, skills and experiences. Reflective practice is a professional development process that is believed to be highly effective in achieving behavioral change. In the profession of counselling, reflective practice is referred to mindful practice in that reflective counsellors possess certain qualities; they are aware of their own strengths and inadequacies, they carry out counselling with purpose and intention, and they examine their own levels of stress and are wary of personal matters that may interfere with their performance. Though I may have the aforementioned underlying qualities and drive to become an efficient professional, I have discovered that reflective counsellors take the time to assess and process their performance after each counsell ing session and are obligated to ongoing personal growth and professional development. Therefore acting in the capacity as a counsellor, and depending on fair self-assessment I cannot satisfactorily state at present that my reflective practice is resonant of same because there are areas where I see weaknesses rather than strengths and I attribute this flaw to my lack of experience in the field. I believe at this point in my training I will function better under the watchful eye of a counselling supervisor. This course lent focus to a host of different models associated with reflective practice which was necessary to demonstrate proper counselling professionalism. One such model in particular refers to the work of David Schà ¶n who was very instrumental in developing concepts of self-awareness in relation to the aspect of reflective practice. Schà ¶n (1987 in Sharpy, 2005) identified two types of reflection that focused on the practitioner; reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action. According to him the first, reflection-in-action, occurs when the professional ref lects on their own behaviour as it occurs, which enhances their following actions immediately. Compared with reflection-on-action which is essentially reflection after the event, where the professional counsellor reviews, describes analyses and/or evaluates the situation, to gain insights for improved practice in the future. Using this model in my reflective practice as a counsellor was intended to elicit skills, knowledge and performance acquired from the previously related course. It was expected that I incorporated my capacity to reflect in counselling, use attending, empathy, reframing and active questioning to name a few in making the client see things differently whilst getting her closer to making the appropriate adjustments in the situation. This also meant that I had to think quickly, process information and pose questions that will bring possible solutions as I worked or as Schà ¶n would say it was mastering the art of being able to â€Å"think on your feet†. My main challenge whilst using this model is that I feel I am unable to reach interventions at once and may need time to assess situations as I would not want to cause the client ambiguity in judgments due to spur of the moment solutions; so I believe my modus operandi for reframing will be stronger after I have reflected and in reference to the model I can be stronger as a practitioner who uses â€Å"reflection-on-action† rather than â€Å"reflection-in-action†. I noticed too, that my strengths are mainly in the areas of empathy, questioning, listening and attending; and that even though I may have to ponder a bit on situations I know I have the competence to identify problems and assist in arriving at potential solutions.

Changes in Land Use Pattern

Urbanization becomes an essential part for any country with the development of civilization. Like other country of the world, urbanization also spread out all over Bangladesh. As a part of this every Upazila have municipality in Bangladesh. Proper development is precondition for proper urbanization and land use is directly related with the development. Human being mostly depended on land which is used as a settlement, agricultural land, road, and infrastructure. All these are man made but some are used by natural process. With the development of civilization natural land use changed by man made process because of increasing population, technology and development of civilization. Development through proper planning is an important technique in present world for urbanization of an area. Madaripur mouza is very close to the Madaripur paurasava. It is the most developed place of the upazila. The rural characteristics of the mouza transformed to the urban characteristics day by day. So urban- rural land uses in the mouza, make mixed and diversified characteristics. We select Madaripur mouza as a representative of this type of land to show the changes in land use. Related article: Padma Bridge Paragraph Land use changes are very rapid in residential and commercial sector among various land use changes. The rate of these changes is very rapid because of expansion of roads network. Non agricultural economic activities also added new term in these changes. Agricultural land is decreasing day by day. Because of increases various urban facilities, value of land increases 100% after 1995 (focus group meeting). Because of urbanization, various changes occurred in occupation in total area. Part time farmer increases and full time farmer decreases and more people involved in service activities. People migrate into this area from other upazila and surrounding area because of more facility. The influences of urbanization also fall into the social life of the area. For increases the population in the mouza, infrastructure also increasing in the area without planning. To solve this problem it is important to know the nature of problem. Because in which sector, what type and how many planning will be needed is depend on it. Present report is based on this practical knowledge. Pattern of land use change is most important for planning of an increasing urban area

Customer Services

Unit 1 Assessment Assessment You should use this file to complete your Assessment. †¢ The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a USB drive †¢ Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly †¢ When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference †¢ Then, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your My Study area – make sure it is clearly marked with your name, the course title and the Unit and Assessment number.Please note that this Assessment document has 13 pages and is made up of 5 Sections. Name: Organisation: Which organisation(s) are you basing your answers to this assessment on? If you are currently working, you may wish to base it on the organisation which employs you. Can you provide a brief description of this organisation? (Please note you will not be marked on this; it is simply to provide your tutor with a brie f outline. ) Section 1 – Understand the factors that affect an organisation and the customer service role 1.Complete the table below with a description of the products and services for at least two commercial organisations, public organisations and third sector organisations. Please ensure you provide a description for each organisation, rather than a list. |Organisation type |Name of organisation |Description of products and services | |Commercial | |Their products are Italian fashion related, such as clothes, shoes | |organisation |Monaco Couture |and accessories.Friendly customer services and value for money | | |Retail |products. | | | | | |Commercial |Wilton Patisserie |Wilton is a Greek bakery that has a huge cake selection for every | |organisation | |occasion.They make fresh pastries, bread, cookies and other | | | |related savouries and sweets baked goods, you can also find | | | |sandwiches and hot or cold drinks.They are focused in providing | | | |value for money product and friendly customer services. | |Public |Police |Activity it applies at the level of national security. Their | |organisation | |activities are directly coordinated by the government.Their task | | | |is, however, not profit, but to provide the necessary services to | | | |the government and citizen | |Public |Fire brigades |Fire-fighters    are rescuers extensively trained in fire fighting, | |organisation | |primarily to extinguish hazardous fires that threaten property and | | | |civilian or natural populations and to rescue people from dangerous| | | |situations, such as collapsed or burning buildings. | | | | | |Third sector organisation |Charities |A charitable organization is a type of non-profit organization | | | |(NPO). It differs from other types of NPOs in that it centres on | | | |non-profit and philanthropic goals as well as social well-being | | | |(e. g. haritable, educational, religious, or other activities | | | |serving the public int erest or common good). | |Third sector organisation |Hospices |Hospice an institution working in palliative care within the health| | | |system. | 2. Complete the table below by describing the differences in customer service between commercial, public and third sector organisations. You should outline customer service roles in each organisation and highlight the differences in how customer service is carried out across these organisations. Organisation type |Description of customer service and | | |the differences between organisations | |Commercial | | |organisation | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Public | | |organisation | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Third sector | | |organisation | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3. In relation to your current organisation (or one that you are familiar with), outline the part that customer service plays in this organisation and its industry as a whole. 4.Who are the major competitors to your current organisation (or one that you are familia r with)? 5. Identify at least two factors that could affect the reputation of your current organisation (or one that you are familiar with). Section 2 – Understand employee rights, responsibilities and organisational procedures 1. Use the table below to give details of employer and employee rights and responsibilities under employment law and the importance of having these (consider the importance to the organisation, employees and customers, where relevant). You should include at least two employer rights / responsibilities and at least two employee rights / responsibilities in your answer. Rights and responsibilities |Why are they important? | |1. Employer | | | | | | | | | | | |2.Employer | | | | | | | | | | | |1. Employee | | | | | | | | | | | |2.Employee | | | | | | | | | | | 2. Give details of employer and employee rights and responsibilities under the Health and Safety at Work Act. You should include at least two employer rights / responsibilities and at least two empl oyee rights / responsibilities in your answer. |Who? Rights / responsibilities under Health and Safety at Work Act | | | | |Employer | | | | | |Employer | | | | | |Employee | | | | | |Employee | | 3. In relation to your current organisation (or one that you are familiar with), describe the organisation’s procedures for health and safety and any relevant documentation that is used. If possible, provide relevant health and safety policies / documents from the organisation to support your answer. These documents should be annotated to highlight the relevant sections. 4. Outline how the Disability Discrimination Act relates to employment. 5.In addition to the information provided in the questions above, identify the other key legislation that specifically relates to your chosen organisation and its industry as a whole. 6. Describe the procedures followed by your chosen organisation in relation to equality and diversity. Your answer should include details of any monitoring that takes place and documentation used to support this monitoring. Section 3 – Understand career pathways within customer service 1. Describe at least two different types of career pathways that may be available within a customer service role. 2. Identify a range of sources where a person can find information and advice on the customer service industry, occupations and career progression. | | |Information relating to: |Source(s) | | | | |Customer service industry | | | | | |Occupation | | | | | |Career progression | | 3. In your current organisation (or one that you are familiar with), what methods of learning are available to help with career progression? 4.In your current organisation (or one that you are familiar with), what is the procedure for accessing formal learning programmes? What is the procedure if an application for access to learning is refused? If possible, provide relevant organisational procedures to support your answer. These documents should be annotated to highlight the relevant sections. 5. Explain how new customer service situations can help with self-development and career progression. Section 4 – Understand how employees are supported within the customer service role 1. Identify a range of sources where a person can find information and advice on employment rights and responsibilities.You should identify at least three sources of information in your answer. 2. Complete the table below, identifying the representative bodies related to your chosen organisation / industry. You should also include details of the main roles and responsibilities of these bodies and their relevance to the organisation / industry. |Representative body |Roles and responsibilities |Relevance | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3. For a customer service role in your current organisation (or one that you are familiar with), use the table below to provide de tails of the support that is available in relation to the following issues: a) Equality b) Health and safety c) Career progression |Issue |Sources of support |Equality | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Health and safety | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Career progression | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Section 5 – Know the organisation’s policies and procedures Please answer all of the questions in this Section in relation to your current organisation (or one that you are familiar with). 1. Use the table below to describe the main principles, policies and procedures of your chosen organisation. You should also include details of documentation used to support these principles, policies and procedures. |Description |Supporting documentation | |Principles | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Policies | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Procedures | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2. How are the organisation’s principles communicated to employees? Explain this below. 3. Outline the policies and codes of practice that are adopted by the organisation. How are employees made aware of these policies and codes of practice? 4. Explain how employees are involved with and consulted on changes to the principles, procedures and policies within the organisation. 5. Use the table below to identify issues of public concern relating to the industry and organisation, and describe how these issues are addressed / dealt with. Issues of public concern |How they are addressed / dealt with | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Once you have completed all 5 Sections of this Assessment, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your work to your tutor for marking.

Early experiences with art Essay

The first experience I had with art was when I was an eight year old. I was in a restaurant with my parents when the painting on the wall struck me. I was unable to take my eyes off the painting. It was absolutely stunning with myriad hues and bright colors. The painting was a replica of the ‘Renoirs Luncheon of the Boating Party’. The colors in the painting were charming, bringing out the best of the painter and his art. Life for the people seemed to be like songs with unending lyrics, going on and on, eternally like the water lapping against the sides of their boat. That moment I realized that art could bring pictures to life. That day I decide that art would be a part of my life always. I started studying the various pieces of art that I could see. The art used to make my life more meaningful. I could identify myself with most of the artists and their work. Art slowly brought a change in me. I started looking at life from a different perspective. Life seemed full of meaning for me. My parents and teachers were very supportive of my interest in art. In fact, they encouraged me to paint various portraits. My teacher took a special interest in me and encouraged me to do my best. Their words egged me on and I was able to even have a small exhibition of my paintings in my school at the age of sixteen. It was a great success. At present, though there is lesser time for me to spend on art and my artistic abilities may have dulled a little. My love for art has not decreased. I now buy paintings that are affordable and keep gazing at them for even hours at times. I have kept painting whenever I could and have gifted a few of my best paintings to friends who have admired the paintings and have accorded them a place in the wall of their houses. Since childhood, I have started admiring and studying the art of various great painters more closely. I have been able to learn the intricacies of various paintings. I have realized that paintings are an index of the painters’ feelings. The art is usually from the heart.

Uncontrollable randomness in life Research Paper

Uncontrollable randomness in life - Research Paper Example ‘The Birds’ a movie is set in Great Britain where humans are unexpectedly attacked by birds. The government of Great Britain fails to protect its citizens from the attacking birds. This movie depicts a situation where nature has turned against the human race and causes massive deaths (Bishop 135). Humans are unable to control nature which is represented here by the birds. Christopher D. Morris argued that the birds in Hitchcock’s film are more of a contribution to the gothic drama industry they an interpretation of natural phenomenon (Bishop 136). The presence of the birds can be understood as a method Hitchcock uses to bring out his favorite theme: destructive force of the patriarchy (Bishop 145). In the movie, Mitch tries to nail boards across the door but the birds still manage to break these defenses (Bishop 138). Patriarchy in the movie posed a greater threat to Melanie than the birds (Bishop 139) Some things happen in life that are random and beyond the human control. Birds attacking people in the Hitchcock’s movie is an example of such events. However, some critics argue that birds in Hitchcock’s movie should be interpreted as a method to bring out the theme. This paper concludes that Hitchcock used birds to depict uncontrolled situations in life as well as build on gothic

Poverty and Social Violence in Latin America Term Paper

Poverty and Social Violence in Latin America - Term Paper Example These acts of violence and injustice through the lifestyle of communities as well as countries make it hard to penetrate positive change in those societies. Measures no matter how strong, are mostly used for containing and limitation purposes rather rehabilitation process. As far as history goes, the only way to spread the message has been written or visual context. Now having the newer media available in all parts of the world, it has reached and given opportunity to not only present one’s ideas but to also spread a message. Films such as Bus 174, City of God, and Los Olvidados etc are amongst their time from 50’s onwards have tried to share the changing stories of Latin America. The purpose of books such as Child of Dark show reality of the times regarding the social stratification present in the society. Each of the depiction of reality has been related to fight poverty to become amongst the ones who can live the rest of their lives in ease. Much like a jail, all of the films have tried to portray a life more or less confined under boundaries where the only way to survive is through someone others fortune. Having a downstream injustice present based in all parts of the hierarchy the films try to show the system failing to control its own public and being biased towards making choices. The ambitions lay towards the stability of life in most of the films but either failing to reach that goal due to fact that when one is caught in the vicious cycle of poverty and crime, there is no way out of it.

Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Business - Essay Example In simple terms, diversity can be viewed as difference. In the workplace, diversity is defined by Bell (2007) as attracting, recruiting and retaining persons from a wide talent base regardless of their religious affiliation, race, class, gender, national or ethnic origin, sexual orientation, age, disability, marital status and any other groupings. This ensures the organizations recruits individuals with a wide range of skills and from different economic, social and cultural backgrounds. There are often group conflicts in organizations that hinder a good working relationship and attainment of company objectives yet diversity is highly valued in organizations. The big question is, â€Å"how can diversity work for organizations?† To answer this question, this paper will compare and contrast various views from different authors regarding diversity in the workplace. The trends that have necessitated diversity will also be discussed. It will also evaluate the diversity in practice i n two organizations: HSBC and Wells Fargo. It will discuss the importance of diversity in the two companies. Some companies develop a diverse workforce to comply with laws but for other organizations, diversity is much more than just a policy as it is the key to success. Besides compliance, companies that have an inclusive workplace environment enjoy a lot of benefits which will be discussed later. The challenges facing implementation are also worth noting. Global Trends Various global demographic, economic and legislative trends have over the years necessitated the development of diversity in workplaces. According to Mor Barak (2011) there has been a workforce decline in various countries thus the need to engage immigrant workers to fill the employment gap. Italy workforce for example, is expected to decline from 60 million to 56 million by 2050 while that of Germany is expected to decline from 82 million to 69 million (P. 4). These are countries which have been known not to entert ain immigrant workers but the demographic trend forces them to. On the other hand, developing countries are faced with the problem of the youth who comprise more than half of the population (Kirton & Green, 2004). Since these economies are growing at a slow pace they cannot accommodate all those youths hence they look for jobs outside borders. Another trend is the growing number of women in the workforce and individualized migration to look for better opportunities without relying on their husbands or family (Bibard, 2011). This has changed the workforce dynamics to a great extent prompting the need to embrace diversity. Various legislations have also been emerging that press the companies to become diverse workplaces. These range from the universal declaration of human rights to the legislations on equal employment opportunity. Inclusive workplace programs have therefore, been instituted in many organizations to tap the benefits of a diverse workforce (Findler, Wind & Mor Barak, 20 07). Companies which do not know how to manage diversity in the workplace risk losing business due to high turnover, absenteeism, and low earnings. Managing diversity is not a simple task. On one hand companies need to appreciate the importance of diversity for organization success and on the other hand, diversity brings about group conflicts which can lead to disharmony and even violence in the workplace (Powell, 2004). Service companies rely so much on diverse customers thus needs to

Legalization of Drugs in United States and Mexico (based on drug Research Paper

Legalization of Drugs in United States and Mexico (based on drug problems, trafficking, and cartels between these two countries) - Research Paper Example egardless of the legality; or allow the illegal status of drugs to continue to foster an environment and business that spreads violence, fear, insecurity, and the loss of life into American communities (Morris 36). Instead of wasting a lot of the government resources in trying to suppress the use of the drugs, the state should run a campaign that is information oriented so as to enlighten people about the risks and even possible consequences of using many kinds of drugs. This paper seeks to analyze whether the use of drugs should be legalized or not in the United States and Mexico based on the problems that are associated with the drugs that create cartel between the two countries. In the United States, purity of illegal Amphetamine in most cases is below 5%, and some of the tablets that are sold in the marketplaces are sold as ecstasy that do not contain MDMA at all. Instead, a lot of drugs are adulterated with other substances like chalk and even talcum to form completely different drugs. When the use of drugs are made legal then the state can get it very easy to regulate their sale and availability in the market to make sure that they are very safe and clean for human consumption and that they ate not cut with other substances that may be harmful to human life. Making the use of drugs illegal by the state increases the amount of crime that could have been easily eliminated if the drugs were legalized. Controlling the prices of the drugs would imply that drug addicts would leave their habits of stealing so as to fund their habits of using drugs. On the other hand state provided drugs services would keep out the drug dealers out of the business thereby starving the criminal gangs of their primary source of funds. Most Taliban get a lot of their revenues from the sale of poppies which gives a good ground for the heroin. They participate in doing this through intimidation farmers in the local regions who would otherwise sell their produce at the market places

Business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Business plan - Essay Example The main purpose and scope of this business plan is to provide general information about the said industry and to highlight the critical areas for successful launching of a new ticket selling point at Brent Street London. The data discussed in this study is based on some certain assumptions and has been collected through number of sources. A careful attempt has been made to present real time data in the study, however, this information may change at any time due to occurrence of any changes in associated factors, and thus the actual outcomes may differ from the projected results. 1. BUSINESS DESCRIPTION Doramex Ltd. is a famous travel agency located at 136 Brent Street, London. The small company has a vast experience of 64 years as working in the business since 1947. The average annual income of the company is around $54, 80,738. Doramex deals with customers belong to entire Europe, North American countries, and China from Asia (Company Profile Page). The company has decided to expan d its area of operations and for this it intends to set up an outlet ‘Express Ticketline’ in London. The new outlet will mainly deal with the selling of airline tickets to the customers at prices lower than the market rate. Although, Express Ticketline will expand its sphere of operations as well as target markets in future, however, initially it will operate as a ticket selling point for local population and the passengers of airline companies like British Airways, Virgin Atlantic Airways, EasyJet, and Atlantic Airlines etc. 1.1 Mission Statement To entertain our customers in terms of their budget, desire, and skill level. To ensure the sustaining of our customers through attractive packages and arrangements 1.2 Vision To go outshine in the field of selling cheap ticket by setting up strategic agreements with airlines, travel agencies, ground transport companies, and entertainment industry. 1.3 Objectives Express Ticketline is intended to meet the following objectives by the end of first financial year. Revenue (through selling of tickets) of $725,000. 25% of tickets will be sold online Maintain a margin of 08% on all airline tickets. 2. INDUSTRY AND MARKET ANALYSIS 2.1 External Factors on Travel Agencies The competitive marketing environment continuously changes, therefore a well thought-out, composed, detailed and consistent analysis is necessary for best evaluation. PEST analysis is considered as the best way to describe those external factors which cannot be directly catered by an organization. Despite of the fact that PEST analysis is used on the basis of previous data, interestingly it can be used as a forecast model (Wilson and Gilligan, 1998).   2.2 Political Factors Express Ticketline is a travel agency which is directly related to airline industry. Any internal or external change in the airline industry will directly affect our agency. The distressing incidents at the start of 21st century have turned out as the most difficult times f or the travel agencies. These incidents included the terrorist attacks in New York on September 11,

Research paper analyzing the writiing style of Stephen King Essay

Research paper analyzing the writiing style of Stephen King - Essay Example On the one hand, critics question King’s writing style as â€Å"The Comic Strip Effect† and â€Å"The Disgusting Colloquialism† (Hoppenstand and Browne 2). On the other hand, King is also praised for his â€Å"dazzling† storytelling skills (Hoppenstand and Browne 2). Since 1987, most of his novels were chief selections of the Book-of-the-Month Club, which in 1989 made the Stephen King Library, and is dedicated to keeping King’s novels â€Å"in print in hardcover† and some were even produced as films, such as The Shining (Badley et al. 1). This paper analyzes King’s writing style. King’s writing style is described as seeking to terrorize, horrify, and lead his readers to gross-some reactions, which magnifies his use of ethos and pathos, while having logos residing â€Å"between the lines.† Stephen King is the King of macabre; he spins stories from â€Å"American nightmares† (Hoppenstand and Browne 2). As the king in this genre, he has ethos or authority in the ghastly dimension of human experiences: â€Å"His work has changed the horror genre and blurred the lines between horror and literary fiction† (Dyson and Bloom 5). His ethos conceals the logos of his stories. He writes about stories of real human conditions that not all horror stories touch upon. King’s thoughts go beyond the archetypal. His â€Å"pop† awareness and his campy humor entice the collective unconscious (Badley et al. 4). In Danse Macabre, King stresses the â€Å"cross-pollination of fiction and film,† and he categorizes his subject into four â€Å"monster archetypes†: the ghost, the â€Å"thing† (or human-made monster), the vampire, and the werewolf (Badley et al. 4). He uses references from classic horror films of the 1930’s and the 1950’s pulp and film industries (Badley et al. 4). He combines the gothic novel, classical fables, Brothers Grimm folktales, and the oral tradition (Hohne 95). During this time, the characters doubt the myths but need them in their lives; horror is particularly comforting and â€Å"cathartic† and the narrator marries the roles of physician and priest into the witch doctor as â€Å"sin eater,† who takes over the culpability and fear of the culture (Badley et al. 4). As a result, Stephen re-creates old monsters by adding a new sense of mystique. In The Uses of Enchantment: The Meaning and Importance of Fairy Tales (1976), psychologist Bruno Bettelheim stresses that the enchantment and horrors of fairy tales present existential problems in forms children can understand. King’s paranormal horrors have comparable cathartic and informative roles for adults; â€Å"they externalize the traumas of life, especially those of adolescence† (Badley et al. 4). Danse Macabre represents the externalization of these traumas, as a way of coping and survival. People have to analyze and read between-the-lines, nevertheless, to understand the themes of survival and adaptation in some of King’s novels. King writes to terrorize readers. King’s critics say that his success relies on the â€Å"sensational appeal of his genre,† which King eagerly confesses, because he writes to â€Å"scare people† (Badley et al. 4). His fiction is explicit, maudlin, and at times, known for conventional plots (Badley et al. 4). In Carrie, he writes about the opposite of Cinderella. It is the macabre version of dreams that can hardly come true for a society that denigrates women like Carrie. Furthermore, King’s humor is frequently unsophisticated and â€Å"

The Public Employee Union of the Wisconsin State Research Paper - 1

The Public Employee Union of the Wisconsin State - Research Paper Example The governor in order to balance the budget deficit of the state proposed to confiscate collective bargaining from the public sector employees. The negotiation would only be restricted to their wages but it would only be increased up to consumer price index. The employees need to contribute more for pension and medical benefits but there would be no bargaining power. The employees in their working period had made a few contributions for pension benefits and now it is not possible to remove such benefits. The unions were of the opinion that the issue was a political attack to weaken the substantial support of the government workers from the public employee union. However, the government said that they were author conducting their duty for the welfare of the state otherwise the state would suffer from the budget pitfall. If such proposal is approved, then it would affect the government workers, teachers, nurses and various other professionals. However, the government had decided to pre pare the ultimate proposal related to the collective bargaining and would not accept the proposal of union members. The governor was of the opinion that stripping the public employees of the rights of collective bargaining and restraining the subjects of basic wages would provide the state a flexibility regarding the finances to be attained in sequence and also spare the taxpayers from misery (Williams, 2011). These types of issues can be solved by the logical obligation of cost on each side. Such an issue can arise in any situation in the state but it would need to be solved by negotiating, taking into concern the welfare of both sides. The eligible public employees are also required for the government sector. Thus, the favorable decisions from the part of government are important for heartening the employees.