An Analysis of Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s, A Very Old Man with Enormous W

A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings AnalysisIn Gabriel Garcia Marquezs A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings, he was able to exaggerate an element of our lives in order to prove that everything we have known and practise to believe is actually not what it seems. Marquez has twisted something so solid in our beliefs such as an angel, in order to help us understand that cypher can be assumed from popular belief and appearances. Upon immediate viewing of the angel, the perception of reality has changed in its entirety. All past knowledge has become contrary now that it has been proven false. In an instant, an entire belief system has crumbled.Pelayo and Elisenda refuse to think of this man as an angel even though he intelligibly was. That was how they skipped over the inconvenience of the wings and quite intelligently concluded that he was a lonely castaway from some foreign ship wrecked by the storm. Angels in our minds have been known as beautiful creatures that are pure and clean. Th ey are the epitome of mans view of perfection. Marquez has created an angel that is rank, disturbing...

Fear of Losing Control :: essays research papers

It is common understanding in business that to stay ahead of the competition, change is necessary. Employees are consistently told they must progress to find new ways to achieve better results. The focus is clear improve productivity, become more effective, get more done with less, get it objurgate the first time. When groups in the middle or the bottom of an organization begin to change how they do their work, does the rest of the organization give them unqualified abide? top-down vs. Bottom-Up ChangeWhile much of senior management at large corporations today might claim to want self-empowered employees, the opposite would seem to be the rule. Rarely is change initiated from somewhere separate than at or from the top allowed to significantly alter an organization, unless the higher levels of authority within the organization have figure the change or, at a minimum, fully sanctioned the proposal for change. One finding in a recent study surveying 4,300 U.S. companies with 100 or more employees seems to support this perspective as forty percent of hourly employees, versus only sixteen percent of managers, cited a lack of management visibility and support as a major impediment to change. (Zoglio, 1998) Organizational politics, which inevitably makes managers fear losing control more than reaching for success, inevitably lead to the demise of changes originating in other ways within the organization. This move to control people often occurs when these changes are near or at the point of creating significant benefits for the organization. Organizational Creative cerebrationIn order to have sustainable, ongoing change, the work must be done with full ownership and accountability of those producing the results. The typical scenario, however, is that employees are given direction and complete work as they are told to do so by those in authority. A dependence on authority to create new ideas gets perpetuated. maybe those in corporate leadership positions are self-serving and realize that recognition is given to the highest degree to those who create and implement profitable new ideas.Unquestionably, leadership is most capable when it is able to keep work aligned with the strategy and direction of the organization. The best executives today have the ability to ensure the company progresses while contest thinking. The resulting unspoken message to employees is to be creative, but only within the framework of sanctioned thinking. In other words, employees must follow someone elses thinking while continuously improving performance.The direction and resulting message are in conflict.

vietnams struggle :: essays research papers fc

Vietnams StuggleTo say the United States was dragged into the bloody mess that became Vietnam is to ignore the historical record. The question of whether or not the U.S. should develop been fighting over there is of course a different matter. One thing that cannot be questioned however, is the bravery and honor of soldiers who fought and died for their country. french Indochina, which included Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos, was occupied by Japanese forces during World War II. Vietnamese Communists leader Ho Chi Minh and his Viet Minh movement organized strong resistance against the Japanese and in 1945 declared Vietnam an nonsymbiotic republic.Fearful of the spread of communism, the United States supported restoration of French rule over Vietnam. When fighting erupted between France and the Viet Minh in 1947 the Americans aided the French and backed the French sponsored government of Emperor Bao Dai. By 1953 the US was providing 80 percent of the cost of Frances war effort.This sma ll village along the border of Laos and North Vietnam was elect as a forward fire base by the French to draw the Viet Minh into a set piece battle, one they felt certain they would win. On November 23, 1953 six French parachute battalions landed to take up positions at Dien Bien Phu. By butt against the garrison had grown to 16,000 men including French Legion forces and Thai battalions.Viet Minh General Vo Nguyen Giap saw this as an opportunity to deal the French a heavy blow. With all effort and speed that his forces could muster artillery, mortars and troops were brought in to occupy positions in the hills surrounding Dien Bien Phu. On the eve of battle the Viet Minh had some 60,000 men in five divisions with 200 artillery pieces including anti-aircraft when the airstrip was captured on March 18 heavy anti-aircraft and rocket launchers compared to the 28 guns the French had.The attack opened up on March 13, 1954 with a massive artillery barrage. Infantry assaults concisely foll owed. With darkness came stealthy attacks along the perimeter. Day after day this was the pattern of events at Dien Bien Phu. The well disciplined French troops repulsed the enemy again and again but were denied supplied drops from aircraft when the airstrip was captured on March 18. Heavy anti-aircraft fire kept transports away throughout the fighting. Finally on May 7, 1954 with no ammo and no supplies the defenders were overrun, effectively ending the struggle, which had been going on since 1946.

Comparing A Farewell to Arms and The Sun Also Rises :: comparison compare contrast essays

A Farewell to Arms & The Sun Also Rises   After a while I went out and left the hospital and walked mainstay to the hotel in the rain (332). This last line of the novel gives an understanding of Ernest Hemingways port and tone. The overall tone of the book is much different than that of The Sun Also Rises. The characters in the book are propelled by outside forces, in this case WWI, where the characters in The Sun Also Rises seemed to have no direction. Fredericks actions are determined by his countersink until he deserts the army. Floating down the river with barely a hold on a piece of wood his life, he abandons everything except Catherine and lets the river take him to a new life that becomes increasing difficult to understand. Nevertheless, Hemingways style and tone make A Farewell to Arms one of the great American novels. Critics usually recognise Hemingways style as simple, spare, and journalistic. These are all good words they all apply. Perhaps because of his tra ining as a newspaperman, Hemingway is a master of the declarative, subject-verb-object sentence. His writing has been likened to a boxers punches--combinations of lefts and rights coming at us without pause. As illustrated on page 145 She went down the hall. The porter carried the sack. He knew what was in it, one can see that Hemingways style is to-the-point and easy to understand. The simplicity and the sensory richness flow directly from Hemingways and his characters beliefs. The punchy, vivid language has the immediacy of a news bulletin these are facts, Hemingway is telling us, and they cant be ignored. And just as Frederic Henry comes to distrust abstractions like patriotism, so does Hemingway distrust them. Instead he seeks the concrete and the tangible. A simple good becomes higher acclamation than another writers string of decorative adjectives. Hemingways style changes, too, when it reflects his characters changing states of mind. Writing from Frederic Henrys point of vie w, he sometimes uses a modified stream-of-consciousness technique, a method for spilling out on paper the inner thoughts of a character. Usually Henrys thoughts are choppy, staccato, but when he becomes drunk the language does too, as in the passage on page 13, I had gone to no such place but to the smoke of cafes and nights when the room whirled and you

Why Do We Teach Art in Schools? Essay -- Why Art Education?

Many times in life, the importance of the creative mind is overlooked in a go for that beyond that mind is something of more importance to society. The need for someone to find a cure for x or to discover why q=p is viewed as a higher priority than discovering the next Gustav Klimt or Rembrandt. Being of significance in todays society is measured in beakers and pars non watercolors and pencils. Because of this encephalon it is vital that teachers not overlook the merit of teaching and incorporating invention into his/her daily lesson jut outs. What many people do not realize is how incorporating art into a lesson plan can not only add to the learning practice, it can bring fun and introduce different elements to a seemingly mundane or mundane experience. In addition to these things studies have shown that incorporating art in lesson plans can raise the level of SAT gobs. According to the College Entrance Examination Board, SAT hit of students who study arts for more than four years were 59 points higher on the verbal character and 44 points higher on the mathematics portion than were the scores of students with no course work or experience in the arts (Sakura). Cutting art from a schools program, due to pecuniary cutbacks, whitethorn prove to be more costly than keeping it would be. Martin F. Gardiner of Brown Universitys Center for the Study of Human Development found that first-grade students who regularly reliable erect one hour of music and one hour of visual art each week showed improved reading skills and were significantly ahead in math skills compared to control groups in other first-grade classrooms (Gardiner). What do these statistics show us? Obviously it means that art is more... ...cate art programs in our schools. If schools are looking for an equation that proves that art is necessary, this is it art + children = success. Works Cited Ansary, Tamim. More cunning, B etter Schools. 2006. 27 Sept. 2014. .Gardiner, Martin F. Study of arts, music may enhance young pupils math and reading skills. 12 Feb. 1998. 18 Sept. 2014. .The wideness of Art In Schools. 27 June 2000. Sakura of America. 19 Sept. 2014..The Painters Keys. Genn, Robert. 2006. 18 Sept. 2014. .Wachowiak, Frank and Robert D. Clements. Emphasis Art. Boston Pearson Education, Inc. 2006. Why Do We Teach Art in Schools? Essay -- Why Art Education? Many times in life, the importance of the creative mind is overlooked in a hope that beyond that mind is something of more importance to society. The need for someone to find a cure for x or to discover why q=p is viewed as a higher priority than discovering the next Gustav Klimt or Rembrandt. Being of significance in todays society is measured in beakers and equations not watercolors and pencils. Because of this mentality it is vital that teachers not overlook the merit of teaching and incorpor ating art into his/her daily lesson plans. What many people do not realize is how incorporating art into a lesson plan can not only add to the learning practice, it can bring fun and introduce different elements to a seemingly mundane or routine experience. In addition to these things studies have shown that incorporating art in lesson plans can raise the level of SAT scores. According to the College Entrance Examination Board, SAT scores of students who studied arts for more than four years were 59 points higher on the verbal portion and 44 points higher on the math portion than were the scores of students with no course work or experience in the arts (Sakura). Cutting art from a schools program, due to financial cutbacks, may prove to be more costly than keeping it would be. Martin F. Gardiner of Brown Universitys Center for the Study of Human Development found that first-grade students who regularly received just one hour of music and one hour of visual art each week showed improved reading skills and were significantly ahead in math skills compared to control groups in other first-grade classrooms (Gardiner). What do these statistics show us? Obviously it means that art is more... ...cate art programs in our schools. If schools are looking for an equation that proves that art is necessary, this is it art + children = success. Works Cited Ansary, Tamim. More Art, Better Schools. 2006. 27 Sept. 2014. .Gardiner, Martin F. Study of arts, music may enhance young pupils math and reading skills. 12 Feb. 1998. 18 Sept. 2014. .The Importance of Art In Schools. 27 June 2000. Sakura of America. 19 Sept. 2014..The Painters Keys. Genn, Robert. 2006. 18 Sept. 2014. .Wachowiak, Frank and Robert D. Clements. Emphasis Art. Boston Pearson Education, Inc. 2006.

Why Do We Teach Art in Schools? Essay -- Why Art Education?

Many times in life, the importance of the creative mind is overlooked in a hope that beyond that mind is something of more importance to society. The need for someone to find a cure for x or to discover why q=p is viewed as a higher priority than discovering the next Gustav Klimt or Rembrandt. Being of significance in todays society is measured in beakers and equalitys not watercolors and pencils. Because of this mentality it is vital that teachers not overlook the merit of teaching and incorporating artistic creation into his/her daily lesson plans. What many people do not realize is how incorporating art into a lesson plan can not only add to the learning practice, it can bring fun and introduce different elements to a seemingly workaday or routine experience. In addition to these things studies have shown that incorporating art in lesson plans can raise the level of sit down haemorrhoid. According to the College Entrance Examination Board, SAT scor es of students who studied arts for more than four years were 59 points higher on the verbal spate and 44 points higher on the maths portion than were the scores of students with no course work or experience in the arts (Sakura). Cutting art from a schools program, collectible to pecuniary cutbacks, may prove to be more costly than keeping it would be. Martin F. Gardiner of Brown Universitys Center for the Study of Human Development found that first-grade students who regularly current just one hour of music and one hour of visual art each week showed improved reading skills and were significantly up in math skills compared to control groups in other first-grade classrooms (Gardiner). What do these statistics show us? Obviously it means that art is more... ...cate art programs in our schools. If schools are tone for an equation that proves that art is necessary, this is it art + children = success. Works Cited Ansary, Tamim. More Art, Better Schools. 2006. 27 Sept. 2014. .Gardiner, Martin F. Study of arts, music may enhance young pupils math and reading skills. 12 Feb. 1998. 18 Sept. 2014. .The Importance of Art In Schools. 27 June 2000. Sakura of America. 19 Sept. 2014..The Painters Keys. Genn, Robert. 2006. 18 Sept. 2014. .Wachowiak, Frank and Robert D. Clements. Emphasis Art. Boston Pearson Education, Inc. 2006. Why Do We determine Art in Schools? Essay -- Why Art Education? Many times in life, the importance of the creative mind is overlooked in a hope that beyond that mind is something of more importance to society. The need for someone to find a cure for x or to discover why q=p is viewed as a higher priority than discovering the next Gustav Klimt or Rembrandt. Being of significance in todays society is measured in beakers and equations not watercolors and pencils. Because of this mentality it is vital that teachers not overlook the merit of teaching and incorporating art into his/her daily lesson plans. What many people do not realize is how incorporating art into a lesson plan can not only add to the learning practice, it can bring fun and introduce different elements to a seemingly mundane or routine experience. In addition to these things studies have shown that incorporating art in lesson plans can raise the level of SAT scores. According to the College Entrance Examination Board, SAT scores of students who studied arts for more than four years were 59 points higher on the verbal portion and 44 points higher on the math portion than were the scores of students with no course work or experience in the arts (Sakura). Cutting art from a schools program, due to financial cutbacks, may prove to be more costly than keeping it would be. Martin F. Gardiner of Brown Universitys Center for the Study of Human Development found that first-grade students who regularly received just one hour of music and one hour of visual art each week showed improved reading skills and were significantly ahead in math skills compared to control groups in other first-grade classrooms (Gardiner). What do these statistics show us? Obviously it means that art is more... ...cate art programs in our schools. If schools are looking for an equation that proves that art is necessary, this is it art + children = success. Works Cited Ansary, Tamim. More Art, Better Schools. 2006. 27 Sept. 2014. .Gardiner, Martin F. Study of arts, music may enhance young pupils math and reading skills. 12 Feb. 1998. 18 Sept. 2014. .The Importance of Art In Schools. 27 June 2000. Sakura of America. 19 Sept. 2014..The Painters Keys. Genn, Robert. 2006. 18 Sept. 2014. .Wachowiak, Frank and Robert D. Clements. Emphasis Art. Boston Pearson Education, Inc. 2006.

Case Study: Alcoa’s Core Values in Practice Essay

The Aluminum Company of America (Alcoa) began its caller-out in 1888 under the name of the Pittsburg lessening Company. In 1907, they changed their name to Alcoa and from its inception they had a very inviolate value based culture. In the very beginning of their work all employers learned everything they do and did had to be aligned with the companys values. In 1985 Fred Fetterolf then President decided the company needed to document the values that all employees must love by Integrity Environment Health and Safety Customer Accountability Excellence People and Profitability (Lawrence & Weber, 2011 pg.119). In the 1990s Alcoas CEO capital of Minnesota ONeill, communicated his unswerving belief in the importance of health and safety, which was one of the companys hollow out values (Lawrence & Weber, pg. 119). Alcoa had an understanding in their code of suffice that made sure safety was a primary concern and focus. The overall work climate would be classified as benevolence and p rinciple. Alcoa also had core standards for all workers and their management believed that no employee should be forced to work in an environment where their safety or the safety of other employees might be jeopardized (Lawrence & Weber, pg. 120). The emphasis of safety had a deep and important meaning to Alcoas management aggroup as they cared deeply about their employees.Most individuals already nominate beliefs or perceptions about what type of environment they will work in as well as what type of relationship they may form with their company or employer. An organizations ethical work climate is an important factor to determine as it affects the nature of the relational contract between the individual and their employer (Barnett & Schubert, 2002 pg. 279). Alcoa had very strong core values for all its employees and each employee knew precisely that all decisions being made would have to meet Alcoas Core Standards. This shows values of benevolence and principles, because Alcoa ha d a huge concern for their workers. Theemployees also had a strong professional relationship with Alcoa because they acted with integrity and followed rules and procedures according to Alcoas standards. That is why Alcoas top management team treats all employees with integrity, honesty and fairness. They also play a huge role in developing the ethical work climate and organizational performance seen at Alcoa. Overall the company emphasized that the programs role and continuous ethics, must be continually reinforced by management (Lawrence & Weber, 2011 pg.120). Mr. O Neill took the interest of the companys values and safety into hand and required continuous improvement as everyone strove toward an ideal goal of perfection (Lawrence & Weber, 2011 pg.120).As in life, it is perfectly fine to motivation to strive to become better to have overall quality and satisfaction out of life and in your business. Alcoa has a made a shipment to upward(a) the quality of life among its employees and community as well. Overall, Alcoas ethical work climate is diverse and encourages open communication between workers, has ethical high principles and a very good work environment. Alcoas core values are held to a high standard and by setting these standards Alcoa has made a commitment to improve the moral of their company, their employees, and their consumers.REFERENCESBarnett & Schubert (2002) Perceptions of Ethical Work Climate & Covenantal Relationships. Journal of Business & Ethics. Volume 36. Number 3, page 279.Lawrence, A. T. & Weber, J. (2011). Business and society Stakeholders, ethics, public policy (13th ed.). bracing York McGraw-Hill/Irwin. ISBN 978-0-07-813715-0

Acquainted with the Night: a Story of Night Walks Experience Essay

Robert Frosts poem Acquainted with the Night is told from the point of view of an unknown manyone. This person tells a story virtually how he/she has taken numerous late dark walks, specifically in the rain. Using tone, diction, the cognomen, structure imagery, and language, Frost spell outs a poem about a persons late night experiences to relate to similar experiences that a reader may have encountered.With Frosts word choice and the title he chooses to tell this story, the poem comes to exhibit a good-for-nothing tone. Immediately after reading the title of the poem, it can be derived that the lines to follow will chronicle some form of darkness because the word Night in the title is a natural embodiment of darkness itself. To help support the gloomy tone initiated with the title of the poem, Frost chooses wrangling such as rain, down, saddest, dropped, and cry to populate the body of his poem. It should also be noted that the vocalizer in the poem is constantly distancing himself/herself from liveness and light as he/she out walks the furthest city light, tries to hide from the watchman, is far away from an interrupted cry, and is further still from the light of the moon. The fact that the speaker is unidentified gives more support for the poems gloomy tone. These elements, the tone, title and diction used, contribute to Frosts purpose for the poem because they characterize the dark setting that allows the poet to write a story that is both believable and easy to relate to.Frost applies a structure and an aspect of imagery to the poem that allows it flow nicely art object distinguishing each separate occurrence that the speaker mentions as he/she tells the story. Frost uses assonance as he rhymes night with light, lane with explain, feet with street, good-bye with sky, and right with night in an ABA rhyming pattern for each three line stanza and an AA pattern for the final two line stanza. These end rhymes give the poem rhythm. The poet also uses symbolism when talking about the aspects of night versus light. Darkness seems to come from the below and light from above as Frost writes of a city light and a guiding light light against the sky.The darkness in contrast is seen far away from the lights and further from the sky. By utilizing components of the literal language in the poem, Frost emphasizes classical points that he wants his audience to take note of to make the scenarios he discusses in the poem easier to understand. The poet uses the strategy of repetition a number of multiplication as the words I have begin all three lines of the first stanza, the first two lines of the second stanza, the first line of the second stanza, disappears from the fourth stanza, and reappears in the fifth stanza and the last line of the poem. Frost does this to highlight that the speaker of the poem is familiar with the dark of the night.In addition, the phrase acquainted with the night is, including the title, repeated three times in the poem to underline the fact the speaker is indeed quite familiar with the scenarios that he/she is describing. Through tone, diction, the title, structure, imagery, and language, Robert Frost tells the story of how and why the speaker has pass acquainted with the night with the purpose of relating what takes place in the poem to similar ordeals that a reader may have experienced. The poet makes the tone of the poem dark and gloomy so that the words the speaker says contain a more sinister and powerful weight to them. This helps to make the poem feel like an adventure.

The price elasticity of demand ad supply

IntroductionThe rule of crock up aid to understand how the grocery place works. gingersnap varies among merchandises be baffle some productsA may be more(prenominal) indispensable to the consumer. Merchandises that atomic number 18 necessities ar more insensitive to fiscal repute alterations because consumers would go on buying these merchandises despite financial think of additions Conversely, a fiscal apprize addition of a well-grounded or service that is considered little of a necessity will discourage more consumers because the chance cost of buy the merchandise will go excessively high. Sometimes a c at one timern trains to curtail a good thought of what portion of a demand curve looks akin if it is to do good determinations. Suppose you are the proprietor of Rick s Pizza.You are sing raising the financial sets by 10 per centum, and you wonder how the consumers will respond and what will go on to the grosss? The reply dep shutdowns on how consumers wil l react. Will they cut back purchases a small or a batch? ( Robert Schenk, 2007 ) .In my sentiment I think it s really of import to encounter the monetary value snap of demand. It help us to understand the market more clearly and besides do more exactly and efficient pricing determinations in given clipping of period.PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMANDPrice snap of demand measures the consequence of monetary value alterations onA measure demanded. Peoples will purchase more goods at a freeze off monetary values and purchase less goods at a high(prenominal) monetary values. For illustration, people might purchase several braces or several bundles of socks on sale alternatively of merely a brace. A someone with a higher income is thought to arrest higher monetary value snap, since he can afford to pass more. However, even a consumer with low monetary value snap is unremarkably willing to break higher monetary values if there is a high demand of goods. . ( Tricia Ellis-Christensen and O. Wallace, 2010 ) .Demand remains fixed in malice of high monetary values in the status of no replacement. It s besides true for gasolene and H2O which have a few or no replacements. demand was therefore considered in waxy. Normally, competition in the market place keeps monetary values lower and more flexible. Generic equivalents of legitimate points have lowered the demand for trade name name points, therefore take downing their monetary value. . ( Tricia Ellis-Christensen and O. Wallace, 2010 ) .Elasticity of demand can be quantified and be illustrated in a contemplationElasticity of demandThe more sensitive clients are to monetary value, the larger in the monetary value snap of demand. In different words, a larger monetary value snap of demand indicates a merchandise whose demand is more elastic. In the short term demand is normally more inelastic because it takes clip to see options. The monetary value snap of demand will be used to cipher merchandising monetary value that maximizes the net incomes of the company.+ Demand is elastic if a alteration in monetary value leads to a bigger % alteration in demand, the monetary value snap of demand will hence be greater than 1.The undermentioned features of goods which are elastic endure to holdThey are luxury goodsThey are expensive and a large per centum of income.For illustration, athleticss autos and vacationsGoods with umteen replacements and a really competitory market. For illustration if Simsbury s put up the monetary value of its staff of life there are many options, so people would be really sensitive to the monetary valueThey are bought often+ Demand is inelastic if a alteration in monetary value leads to a smaller % alteration in demand the monetary value snap of demand will hence be less than 1.Goods which are inelastic tend to hold some or all of the undermentioned characteristicsThey have few or no close replacements, for illustration gasoline, put nails.They are necessitiesThey are habit-f ormingThey cost a little per centum of income or are bought in frequentlyDemand is unitary elastic if a alteration in monetary value have no consequence to a alteration in demand the monetary value snap of demand will be 1. ( Tricia Ellis-Christensen and O. Wallace, 2010 ) .There are many factor act uponing the monetary value snap of demand1. Number of close replacements within the market The more ( and nearby ) possible replacements easy in the market the more elastic demand will be in response to a alteration in monetary value. In this instance, the permutation consequence will be rather strong.2. Degree of luxuries or necessities luxury goods and services tend to hold greater snap whereas necessities tend to be more inelastic.3. Percentage of income spent on a good merchandises necessitating a larger part of the consumer s income tend to hold greater snap.4. garb organizing goods Goods such as coffin nails and drugs tend to be inelastic in demand. They have habitually consum ed and have a small consequence on the monetary value alterations.5. Time period under consideration Demand tends to be more elastic in the long tally because consumers have more clip to set their behaviour to the monetary value alterations ( 2007 ) .PRICE ELASTICITY OF SUPPLYPrice snap of egress measures the consequence of monetary value alterations onA measure supplied. Peoples will offer more goods at a higher monetary values and offer more goods at a lower monetary values.The expression for the monetary value snap of grant isElasticity of supplement = Percentage alteration in measure supplied / Percentage alteration in monetary value ( Mike Moffatt, 2009 ) .Factors that Affect Price Elasticity of Supply+ Spare production capacityIf there is plentifulness of trim capacity so a concern should be able to join on its end product without a rise in costs and hence supply will be elastic in response to a alteration in demand. The supply of goods and services is frequently most ela stic in a recession, when there is plentifulness of trim labor and capital resources available to step up end product as the economic system recovers.+ Stocks of finished merchandises and constituentsIf stocks of natural stuffs and finished merchandises are at a high degree so a house is able to react to a alteration in demand rapidly by providing these stocks onto the market supply will be elastic and valetudinarianism versa.+ The easiness and cost of factor permutationIf both capital and labour resources are occupationally nomadic so the snap of supply for a merchandise is higher than if capital and labor can non easy and rapidly be switched+ Time period involved in the production procedureSupply is more monetary value elastic the longer the clip period that a house is allowed to set its production degrees ( 2007 ) .MARKETS AND ADJUSTMENT OVER TIMEPrice outlooks and guessLook at 2 charts above, we can see that monetary values ever change, they do non remain at the same. They c an travel up or come down. Due to monetary values be given to alter in the time to come, it will impact on the demand and supply now. For illustration, it is now, iPhone 3GS have merely look, you are believing of purchasing a new iPhone 3GS, you might to make up ones mind to wait until the monetary value of iPhone 3GS autumn somewhat when iPhone 4G is sold on the market. On the another(prenominal) manus, if the monetary value of iPhone 3GS come down in the short tally, you might good purchase it now because they fear that the monetary value will hold gone up by so. When people believe that the monetary value will travel up, it causes them to purchase now, in contrast, when people believe that the monetary value will come down, it causes them to wait. For marketer, if they are believing of selling their stocks, while monetary values are falling, they will desire to sell it every bit before long as possible. On the other manus, if monetary values are lifting bit by bit, they will d esire to maintain it every bit long as possible in order to acquire the best monetary value. Thus a belief that the monetary value will travel up or come down will do people to sell or wait. Guess is the behaviour of looking into monetary value in the hereafter and impacting purchasing and merchandising determinations based on their expectancies. Guess is applied in many markets such as the stock exchange, the foreign exchange market, the gold market and the lodging market, ECT.Harmonizing to John Sloman, guess can either support to cut down monetary value fluctuations or do them acquire worse it can be stabilising or destabilizing.Stabilizing guessWhen sufferrs and demanders believe that a alteration in monetary value occurs merely in short tally, guess wil tend to hold a stabilising consequence on monetary value fluctuations.For case, an addition in demand is the ground wherefore monetary value rise. In the graph above, demand has shifted from D1 to D2. Equilibrium has moved fro m point a to B, monetary value has increase from P1 to P2. Peoples believe that monetary value will lift merely in impermanent, before monetary value autumn once more, providers bring their goods to market now. Therefore displacements from S1 to S2. In contrast, demanders will wait until monetary value does fall once more. Demand displacements from D2 to D3. The equilibrium moves to indicate degree Celsius, and monetary value falling to P3. ( Sloman 2007, p69 )Destabilizing guessWhen providers and demanders believe that a alteration in monetary value outlooks correspondent alterations to come, guess will be given to hold a destabilizing consequence on monetary value fluctuations.For illustration, an addition in demand is the ground why the monetary value does lift. In the graph, demand curve has moved from D1 to D2, monetary value has risen from P1 to P2. In this clip, monetary value have tend to lift, providers desire to wait until the monetary value rise further. Therefore, supp ly moves from S1 to S2. In contrast with providers, demanders buy now before a rise in monetary value is higher. Demand move from D2 to D3 and monetary value rise to P3. ( Sloman 2007, p69 )Market WHERE PRICES ARE CONTROLLEDEquilibrium way of life a province carnival or a province of balance in the midst of market demand and supply. Without a alteration in demand and / or would supply no alteration in market value. In the diagram above, demand and supply at monetary value P1 is equal. At any monetary value above P1, supply exceeds demand and at a monetary value below P1, demand exceeded supply. In other words, the monetary value where supply and demand are out of balance points is called disequilibrium. ( Jacks, John,2007, p57 )Changes in the conditions of demand or supply alterations on demand or supply curves. This will do alterations in the equilibrium monetary value and measure in the marketPrice write up is a legal lower limit on the monetary value at which a good can be sol d.Price ceiling is a legal upper limit on the monetary value at which a good can be sold.Minimal Price ( Price al-Qaida ) An unable monetary value floor, below equilibrium monetary value. A monetary value floor can be set above the free-market equilibrium monetary value. In the graph above, monetary value floor set below the free-market monetary value. In this instance, the floor has no practical consequence. The authorities has mandated a stripped monetary value, but the market already bears a higher monetary value.An effectual monetary value floor, doing a excess ( supply exceeds demand ) . Conversely, in the graph Monday, dashed green line represents a monetary value floor placed on the free market monetary value. In this instance, the floor monetary value is a mensurable impact on the market. It certain monetary values stay high for the merchandise can go on to be made. ( Jackson, John, 2007, p84 )Consequence on the marketA monetary value floor set above the equilibrium monet ary value the market has some side effects. Consumers now find they must pay higher monetary values for the same merchandise. The consequence, they cut down their purchases or bead out of the market wholly.Meanwhile, sellers are certain to happen a new higher monetary value before they were charged. As a consequence, they increase production. Taken together, these effects mean there is now an purposeless supply ( known as a excess ) of the merchandise in the market.To keep the monetary value floor over the long term, the authorities may necessitate to take action to take it.Minimal payA historical and current illustration of the floor monetary value is the minimal pay jurisprudence, the jurisprudence specifies the lowest rewards a company can pay an employee ( employees are providers of labour and company as a consumer ) .When the lower limit pay is set higher than the equilibrium market monetary value for unskilled labour, unemployment is created because many people are looking fo r occupations than there are occupations available.A minimal pay above the equilibrium pay will do employers hired fewer workers every bit good as doing more people to come in the labour market, ensuing in a excess in the sum of labour available. Workers a pay equilibrium will depend on the employee s accomplishments with market conditions. ( Robert 2006, p262 )For illustration This is plebeian in agribusiness. Often the authorities wants to keep high monetary values of agricultural trade goods to maintain a big figure of husbandmans working. To restrict redundancy, nevertheless, authoritiess frequently must pay some husbandmans non to works harvests, which may be known as a subsidy cheque.Maximal Price ( Price ceiling ) A monetary value ceiling set below the market monetary value of freedom is more effectual. Suppliers find they can non be responsible for what they were. As a consequence, some providers drop out of the market. This decreased supply. Meanwhile, consumers find they can now purchase merchandises for less, so demand additions. Two causes of action exceed the supply demand, which causes a deficiency of distribution-unless the consumer or other controls are enforced. It can besides take to other signifiers of non monetary value competition to provide can run into demand. ( Jackson, John, 2007, p83 ) minify QualityTo provide demand in lawful rates, the most obvious attack is lower cost. However, in most instances, lower costs mean lower quality. During World War II, for illustration, the nutrient operation by cut downing the size of the ceiling and used cheaper stuffs ( e.g. , fat, flour, etc. ) . It can besides be seen in the care of decrease of rent-controlled flatSome bookmans, nevertheless, suspect that one set monetary value ceilings drive quality down in instance of a monopoly. They argue that with few viing companies lower the ceiling, a company s low-end market must happen ways to accomplish better quality without increasing cost.Black Mark etGoods purchased illegitimately take one of two ratesThey may be cheaper than the legal market. Suppliers do non hold to pay for production costs or revenue enhancements. This is normally the instance in the belowground economic system. Criminals to steal goods and sell them under the legal market monetary value, but no grosss, warrants, and so on.They may be more expensive than legal market monetary values. This merchandise is hard to obtain or bring forth, unsafe to manage or non easy available lawfully, if at all. If goods are illegal, such as certain drugs, their monetary values can be immensely higher production costs.Black markets can rise portion of the commercial boundary line near the boundary line of neighbouring legal powers surround control with small or negligible if there are different revenue enhancement rates, or in instances where goods are steps on one side of the boundary line but non on others. Merchandises like these are frequently smuggled, including intoxic ant and baccy. However, all boundary line trade is non illegal. ( Jackson, John, 2007, p84 )CAUSE THE REAL ESTATE MARKET OF VIET NAMAs we know, each state s population is increasing. In Viet Nam, the one-year population addition of to the highest degree 1,1 million people. While land resources are hold in. Therefore, the demand of existing estate market is increasing and people destiny to happen a comfy adjustment, modern substructure and peaceable life environment. This is chief ground to consequence of existent estate Market in Viet Nam. usual is the cardinal issue of existent estate market in Ho Chi Minh metropolis and we are traveling to happen out the grounds.Price scene and Destabilizing guessThe grounds stated on the description of the existent estate should be investors expect the monetary value is ever increasing in the hereafter so they want to wait the best monetary value and best net income. This is the ground to do of the febrility in existent estate from 2007 to 2 009.What cause Fever There are three basic cause taking febrility in existent estate market.First, Viet Nam s population increased about 1,1 million people and income of about people to high accelerated and to do demand of house to increase.Second, at the stock market. Stock monetary value force after day of the month of 6 August 2007 was 883,9 point and to lift well over 1,100 point on 3 October 2007 so investors has boosted gross revenues and many investment funds financess have been net income for over a month. Then they were intended to travel capital investing into existent estate market.Last of all, lodging policies for foreign Vietnamese and aliens were committed more unfastened and about of Bankss create were chance of borrows in existent estate for investing. ( vnEconomy 2007 )As a consequence, there were strong guesss for investing or provider in existent estate since 2007. The fact that, land and house in urban countries like The Manor and Phu My Hung are lifting febr ility and blaze in . Owner or investors, who still need a great bought. The individual who populating The Manor said, types of flats from 106-206 M2, invitees were wanted. This type of apartment sale monetary value had increased by 50 % -60 % up from 1000 USD/m2 to 1,650 USD/m2 ( VnEconomy 2007 )With the fact merely mentioned, the existent estate is ever unstable and tends to travel up strong demand and provide support to each other.Covering with uncertainly and hazardBecause about of Banks have easy loans in existent estate from 2007 to 2008. Therefore, it made the State Bank of Viet Nam has issued directives 10259/ NHNN- CSTT to limited rising prices on the existent estate market and recognition loaners and get downing execution since 2008 ( sbv.gov. neodymium )Furthermore, entire capital investing Bankss in existent estate in 2009, was about 166,500 billion VND to about 9, 10 billion USD ( 18,279 VND exchange rate/ USD ) Ho Chi Minh metropolis has approximately 51 % the pro p outstanding and Ha Noi capital has approximately 15 % .That is the grounds the authorities made the determination to cover with uncertainness and hazard when the existent estate is in the febrility period ( Doanh nhan 360, 2009 )In we view of existent estate market is immense net income and market chance for participle investors. So it has created a sorrowful ridge of guess and monetary value outlook of speculator. Besides that, the factors of population growing. There are easiness for Bankss loan in existent estate market and lodging policy for abroad Vietnamese and aliens have formed a new market supply and demand monetary value in the place market in Viet Nam today.DecisionElasticity refers to the reaction or response of the consumers to alter in monetary values of goods and services. Elasticity of demand besides may depend on the comparative alteration in measure and monetary value. Buyers may be given to cut down their purchases as monetary value additions, and tend to inc rease their purchases when monetary value lessenings. The alteration in monetary value is non the lone factor that may alter the reaction of consumers. The nature of the merchandise ( similarity to what he uses ) and the peculiar demands of the consumer ( whether of import or non ) may besides impact the alteration in the reaction or response of consumer. Demand may be elastic or inelastic. Demand is believably to be elastic when privation is non pressing, close replacements are available, goods is lasting or repairable, goods has multiple utilizations. On the other manus, demand is likely to be inelastic when privation is pressing, good replacements are unavailable, wanted jointly with some complementary point. ( Anna C. Bocar, 2008 )The monetary value snap of supply reflects the jurisprudence of supply relation between monetary value and measure. An elastic supply means that the measure supplied is comparatively antiphonal to alterations in monetary value. An inelastic supply mea ns that the measure supplied is non really antiphonal to alterations in monetary value.Harmonizing to the jurisprudence of supply, higher supply monetary values are related to larger measures supplied. As such, the numerator and denominator of this expression ever have the same marks if one is positive, the other is besides positive. If the supply monetary value additions and the per centum alteration in monetary value is positive, so the measure supplied additions and the per centum alteration in measure supplied is besides positive. When calculated, the monetary value snap of supply, hence, is ever positive. There are four chief factors that influence the al-Qaeda Spare production capacity, Stocks of finished merchandises and constituents, The easiness and cost of factor permutation, Time period involved in the production procedure. ( Pepijn van Eck, 2009 )

Development of Dance and Music in the Philippines Essay

According to Atienza, Ramos, Salazar and Nazal in their book Panitikang Pilipino, true publications is a piece of create verb solelyy work which is undying. It expresses the feelings and emotions of passel in response to his allday efforts to live, to be happy in his environment and, after struggles, to reach his Creator.It is important to study Filipino literature as enumerated To better appreciate our literary heritage trace ideas passed d confess through generation from our ancestors and better understand ourselves and take pride in existence a Filipino To understand that we have a great and noble tradition as take to bes to assimilate culture To overcome limitations conditioned by certain historical factorsTime Frames of Filipino Literature in sidePre-Spanish limitOur ancient literature truly reflects our early customs & traditions as traced in folk stories, old philanders and short stories. Back then, the alphabet apply was different and were similar to the Malayo-Poly nesian alphabet which we called Alibata. Written works however did non abide long because the Spanish Friars burned them believing that they were works of the devil or that were destroyed because they were written in perish able materials like the barks of trees, dried leaves and bamboo cylinders. Those that survived are in oral form such as our folk nisuss.The Spaniards tried to prove that our ancestors were really fond of poetry, variants, stories, riddles and proverbs which we still enjoy until today and which serve to show descendants the true Filipino culture. Pre-Spanish literature is characterized by Legends, Folk tales, Epics, Folk Songs, and Epigrams/Riddles/Chants/Proverbs & Sayings.Spanish menstruum (1565-1872)At this regime, Filipino literature started to thrived at Governor-General Miguel Lopez de Legazpis reign. Due to tercet centuries of colonization, some(prenominal) changes were influenced by the Spaniards1. Alibata, the 1stFilipino alphabet, was changed to Roman alphabet2. Basis of religious practices was the teaching of Christian Doctrine3. Spanish voice communication was infused with Filipino language4. Assimilation of European legends & traditions to our own5. Translation of ancient literature to our dialects6. Printing of Filipino grammar books7. Periodicals gained a religious tone.The first books published were Ang Doctrina Cristiana, Nuestra Seora del Rosario, Libro de los Cuatro Postprimeras de Hombre, Ang Barlaan at Josephat, The Pasion, Urbana at Felisa and Ang Mga Dalit kay Maria. Several Literary compositions in this check were Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala by Fr. Blancas de San Jose, Compendio de la Lengua Tagala by Fr. Gaspar de San Augustin and Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala by Fr. Pedro de San Buenaventura.Period of Enlightenment (1872-1898)After organism passive under Spanish rule for 3 centuries, the Filipino sum awakened when the 3 strong(p) up k right awayn priests Gomez, Burgos, Zamora were guillotined without enough evidence and the Spaniards werent able to restrain the rebellion.The rebellion was divided in 2 efforts The Propaganda Movement (1872-1896) and Period of Active Revolution (1896-1898). The Propaganda Movement were leaded by intellectual middle-class people like our National Hero Dr. Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar, and Graciano Lopez Jaena, and its members were Antonio Luna, Mariano Ponce, Jose Ma.Panganiban, Pedro Paterno etc. The objectives of this movement were to seek reforms and changes for the liberation and equity of Filipinos through their literary works. The most famous works of these people that stimulated the Filipinos were Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo, Mi Ultimo Adios, A La Juventud Filipina, Pagibig Sa Tinubuang Lupa, La Soberania En Pilipinas, Ang Fray Botod, Noche Buena, Sobre Filipinos, A Mi Madre, and Ang Lupang Tinubuan.However, the petitions made by the propaganda movement were ignored and wing on deaf ears that this action led to the revolut ion leaded by Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto, and Apolinario Mabini, whose memberswere Jose Palma, Pio Valenzuala, etc. Though its true that the group used weapons against the colonizers, they also contri howevered several literary works such as Pag-Ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa, Kartilya ng Katipunan, and Sa Bayan Pilipino.American Regime (1898-1941)After the Spaniards were defeated, peace movements started as early as 1900. Filipinos started writing again and issueism remains undisturbed. During this finish, writers went into all forms of literature like news reporting, poetry, stories, plays, essays, novels, etc. Their writing clearly depicted patriotism and longing for independence. In addition, 3 group of writers were form Spanish, Tagalog, and English. Though they differ in methods of reporting, they share the same ideas and spirit. The Spanish writers wrote on nationalism like in honoring Filipino heroes.Tagalog writers went on and on in their lamentations on the conditions of the country and their attempts to arouse love for ones native tongue. English writers just imitated the themes and methods of the Americans. Also, this regime was divided into three periods. The First Period was of Re-orientation (1898-1910). non much was produced during this period and was not much of literary worth. Writers were still adjusting from the idea of democracy trimdom of ideas and speech, the new phraseology of English language and standards of English literary style.They had to learn direct expression conditioned by direct thinking, sentence constructions, sounds & speech in English. They had to abandon sentimentality and floridity of language for the more direct and skillful English language. Also, English becomes the official medium of instruction for all public give lessonss. The Philippine Free Press was founded in 1905 and College Folio begun its publication. The Second Period was of Imitations (1910-1924). The UP College Folio was the pioneers in short Eng lish story and poetry writing.They were more into imitating American and British models which resulted in a stiff, synthetic and unnatural style, lacking naught and naturalness. Writers of this folio included Fernando Maramag, Juan F. Salazar, Jose M. Hernandez, Vicente del Fierro, Francisco Tonogbanua, Maximo Kalaw, Vidal A. Tan, Francisco M. Africa, and Victoriano Yamzon. In addition, the Philippine Herald began its publication in 1920. The Third Period was of Self-Discovery and Growth (1925-1941). By this time, Filipino writers had acquired the mastery of English writing.They now confidently and completely wrote on a lot of subjects although the old-time favorites of love and youth persisted. They also went into all forms of writing like the novel and drama. Furthermore, Philippine guard Guild and Philippine Writers League was organized and the 1st Commonwealth Literary awards were given.Japanese Period (1941-1945)The progression of Philippine literature halted during the Japan ese invasion. All newspapers ask out for Tribune and the Philippine Review were stopped. Because of the unforgiving prohibitions in English writing by the invaders, Tagalog literature experienced renewed attention. Even the weekly Liwayway was placed under strict supervision until it was managed by Japanese man named Ishiwara. In other words, Tagalog literature was given a break during this period.Many wrote plays (but dramas became lull and were simply translated versions of English plays), poems (3 types plagiarise Haiku, Tanaga, and Karaniwang Anyo), short stories (its field expanded), etc. Topics and themes were often about life in the provinces. Philippine Literature in English experienced a dark period and those who dared to write did for propaganda. Writings that came out during this period were journalistic in nature and what literary output there was hardly negligible. Writers felt chained but slow the spirit of nationalism returned. While some continued to write, other s waited for a better time to publish their works.Rebirth of Freedom (1946-1970)Writers had learned to express themselves more confidently but post-war problems beyond language and print-like economic stability, the threat of new ideas, and mortality had to be handled well & together. There was proliferation of newspapers and it proved that there were more readers in English than vernaculars. Journalist became more radical. And as normality was restored, the tones and themes of writings turned to the less pressing problems of economic survival.Those who went abroad came back to publish their written works. It was noted that not all published books focused on war historic period but were simply compilations and plunk for editions of what had been written before. Here are some works of this period The Voice of the VeteranTwilight in TokyoPassionDeath of the USAFFEFor Freedom and DemocracyBetrayal in the PhilippinesS steady Hills AwayMost poems dealt with the unwashed love of nature and social & political problems. Novel & Short Stories became longer. Tagalog Literature was resurrected and mostly focused during the occupation of Japanese brutality, poverty, exploits, etc. Several literary-related organizations were formed and literary awards were launched i.e. The Palanca AwardsPeriod of Activism (1970-1972)The patriotic youths became active and ask for changes in the presidential term. They believe that the system is okay but the stationed people are not. But because of this, several of them were imprisoned on with other rebel writers. They truly were heroes. Many books aptly record and embody these times but more of these are not known to many and many of these writers still have to be interviewed. These led to the declaration of Martial Law in 1972. Campus newspapers were malodorous of rebellious emotions.They attacked the ills of society and politics. Any establishment became the symbol of the ills that had to be changed. Frustrations of youths were fe lt in churches and schools. Even those with authority who should be respected were thought to be hindrances to the changes sought by youths hence, they were targeted. The literature of the activist reached a point where they say boldly what should be done to effect these changes. Some of theses who rallied to this revolutionary form of literature were Rolando Tinio, Rogelio Mangahas, Efren Abueg, Rio Alma, and Clemente Bautista.The forms of literature that led during this period were the essays, debates and poetry. The short stories, novels and plays were no different in style from those written before the onset of activism. Some of these were I Married a Newspaperman by Maria Luna Lopez, The Modern Filipino Short fable by Patricia Melendez Cruz, Cross Currents in Afro-Asian Literature by Rustica D. Carpio, Brief Time to Love by Ofelia F. Limcaco, and Medium Rare and Tellthe People by Julie Yap DazaPeriod of New Society (1972-1981)Bilingual education which was initiated by the Boa rd of National Education as early as 1958 and continued up to the period of Martial Rule in September 1972, resulted in the deterioration of English in the different levels of education. The focus of education and culture were on problems of national identity, on re-orientation, renewed vigor and a firm resolve to carve to carry out plans and programs.The forms of literature that led during this period were the essays, debates and poetry. The short stories, like the novels and plays were no different in style from those written before the onset of activism. Books entitled The Modern Filipino Short Story(Patricia Melendez Cruz) and Brief Time to Love (Ofelia Limcao) came out during this epoch.Period of The Third Republic (1981-1985)After the Martial Rule was lifted, people still seethed with rebellion and protest from the previous oppression and suppression. Just because the rule was lifted, it doesnt mean people will be peaceful. The anger and hatred felt didnt dissipate immediately . It was even enflared when the late Benigno S. Aquino Jr. was assassinated.The peoples idol and try for brutally murdered, who wouldnt feel mad? The aftermath was chaotic yet ironically, the people united and somehow brought change to our country. Such event was considered one of the major turning points in History. It should be noted that Philippine Literature retained its luster inspite of the numerous limitations. Also, the Palanca Awards continued whether on time or delayed.Contemporary Period (1986)Finally, freedom became a reality won through peaceful, bloodless and God-blessed revolution. Through everyones effort, independence was blessed to them, true Republic of the Philippines. Several changes in literature during this period was evidentOn Newspapers buddy newspaper became opposition papers overnight (i.e.Bulletin Today & The Inquirer) and enjoyed an overnight increase in circulation. Being free of restrictions, columnists became vocal and a bumper crop of young journa list emerged. The old stalwarts of the former dispensation came back with retaliation. Excluding tabloids, 19 local dailies, both English & Tagalog, were in circulation by June 1986.On Books Experiences during the Martial Law was documented and Philippine Literature is still progressing. Books that carry print and visual events of what occurred during the February Revolution were People Power (by Monina M.A. Mercado & J.B. Reuter) and Bayan Ko (Veritas Publication & communication theory Foundation).Literary awards were continuously given like the National Book Awards in which in that period, Marjorie Pernia (Dreamwavers Selected Poems) and Damiana L. Eugenio (Awit sa Corrido Philippine Metrical Romances) were awarded according to the choices made by the Manila Critics Circle. Also, bookfair Manila 88 by Philippine Exhibit Company was held with the belief that requisition of knowledge not alone enhances individualistic skills & capabilities but more importantly, even ups dogmat ic contributions to the nations ascendment program.The flowering of Philippine literature in the unhomogeneous language continues as Filipino writers continue to write whether these are socially committed, sexual urge/ethnic related or in personal intention. They became more conscious of their art with the proliferation of writers workshops here and abroad and the bulk of literature available to him via mass media including internet. With variant literary awards, writers were encouraged to compete with peers and hope that their creative efforts will bore them rewards.With the new requirement by the CHED of teaching of Philippine Literature in all tertiary schools in the country emphasizing the teaching of vernacular literature or literatures of the regions, the audience for Filipino writers is virtually assured. And, perhaps, a national literature purpose its niche among the literatures of the world will not be far behind.Development of Philippine MusicThe Filipinos are a prac tice of medicineal nation is a fact. Their pretty-pretty sentimental unison is the result of their reaction to their somatic and emotional environment. However, the Filipinos do not have sufficient authentic records of their forefathers invaluable writings because these were destroyed by conquerors or accidentally lost through carelessness or ignorance. Also, one cannot tell exactly the characteristics of certain epochs of Philippine music because music may develop continuously over different periods of history regardless of historic circumstances.Pre-Spanish PeriodAs musical people, Filipinos have a particular brand of music for every occasion. Our ascendants had their own collection of claims, bounds, and doers which exemplified their religious and social life. Songs of our ancestors were more of recitative but the melody exudes customs, traditions, and aspirations of the people. Many of these songs were sung by non-Christian tribes.Early Filipinos had songs for the mixed ac tivities. According to Agoncillo and Zaide, early Filipinos had 1. public songs (diyuna, talindaw)2. Street songs (indulamin, suliranin)3. Sorrow (dalit, umbay)4. Wedding (ihiman)5. Rowing (tigpasin, kalusan)6. Lullaby (hele, hili, oyayi, iyaya)7. Success (baling-kungkong, dupayanin, hiliran, sambotani, tagumpay) 8. House (tingad)9. General merrymaking (kalipay)10. Counting (urukay)Several Instruments1) Stringa) Buktot/kutibeng/bigwela Visayan guitar made from coconut pillory b) Butting/gurimbao bamboo ties with hemps or banana fibers c) Kudyapi/ketyapi/hag on two-stringed elongated luted) Litgit bamboo violine) Pas-ing/kuglong/pantig bamboo guitarf) Karaga guitar used by Karaga people in east coast of Mindanao g) Gurimbao bamboo bowh) Bontok violin/hoggrine/kokin/sawduang/rayanastroni) Negrito violin2) swana) Bansik/Kalaleng/Palawta four-hole made of mountain cane b) Tulak/tulalo flute with one hole for mouth and six holes for fingers c) Balingling/baling/kipanaw nose fluted) Natoy/subbing clarinete) Sahunay bamboo flute with coconut leaf motor horn attached to the lower end f) Pasiyak water whistleg) Pasyok toy instrument made of leaf of the coconut or nipa for small horn(turutot) h) Diw-diwas pipe instrumenti) Tambuli trumpet made from horn3) Percussiona) Kalutang most primitive percussion instrument still used b) Bunkaka/bilbil bamboo musical instrumentc) Sulibaw hollow wooden get up rhythm instrument to mark the times of the dance d) Tugo drume) Ludag drumf) Neguet drumg) Gansa kind of bronze goongh) Kulingtangan set of graduated melody gongs extensively used i) Gandingan 4 big narrow-lidded gongsj) Babandir single bronze gondk) Gabbang native xylophone used in Sulul) Subing Jews harpSpanish Period (1521-1898)Spaniards not only brought their own culture but also European influence which marked the beginning of the cultivation of music as a fine art in the Philippines. The educational Decree of 1863 was implemented and it p rovidedfor formal education for teachers where vocal music was one of the subjects to be taught. Because of this, Sacred Music was given importance because Christianity was the main goal of Spanish Colonization.Songsa. Tagulaylay is a melody depicting grief. It is best adapted to the reading/singing of the Passion of our Lord during the Holy Week. It is also sung in monotone. b. Palimos is a song of the blind asking for almsc. Kumintang is the oldest and most fashionable song among Christian Filipinos. It is a nocturnal song sung to the accompaniment of the violin/guitar. It expresses the history, character and tradition of the people. d. Awit is a recitative written in time and in minor key. It is set freely to verses about Philippine legendary hero. e.Balitaw is a Visayan folksong with is a dance and song though mostly sung. It is dived into 2 classes Balinaw Mayor (derived from the graceful French slow waltz) and Balitaw Menor (characteristically a Visayan love song). f. Kundi man comes from the words Kung hindi man. It is a Tagalog love song whose rhythmic figure is derived from the lively Spanish bolero a typical waltz. Also, it is the favorite of serenaders.GamesDuplo is an impromptu competition in which the loser recites a poem, a sort of sport to console the relatives of the deceased.Philippine Folk DancesThere are more than 175 folk dances in the Philippine which have remained unchanged through the years. Because Filipinos enjoyed European dances peculiarly fandango, curacha, tango, sapateado and the stately rigodon, some of these folk dances were change to meet the need for change as modernization demands. These dances reflect almost all aspects of the peoples lives religious, occupational, entertainment, recreational, courtship, marriage, baptism and even war.According to Mrs. Lucrecia Urtula, Philipine indigeneous music acan bedivided into three distinct groups The RondallaThe instruments of Muslim Filipinos (assortment of brass instruments) The instruments of the mountain region tribes (i.e. gong, flute, drums)Early Philippine TheatreThere were mingled native stage presentations Filipinos enjoyed during the Spanish period. The most popular vernacular presentations were the moro-moro, carillo and Zarzuela. During occasions of town fiestas, performers used provisional stage of nipa and bamboo. Later, huge theatre bodegas with pyramidical roofs such as those seen over cockpits appeared. The Moro-moro depicts the battle between Christians & Muslims, the adaptations of legends about knight-errants & princesses, the triumphant entry/exit of the conqueror and the downfall of the vanquished accompanied by Spanish music.The Carillo is a shadow play using puppets made from cardboard skillfully manipulated by a narrator behind the screen. The themes are usually derived from the libretto from Don Quixote, Buhay ng Mahal na Panginoong Hesukristo and Don Juan Tenorio. The Zarzuela are improvised plots by comedians using comic, trag ic, fantastic, melodramatic, or a combination of all. It does not have a definite form. Singing was free and imaginative.Performers make extemporaneous comments. At times, the audience swapped comments with the artists. It is said that Zarzuela originated from Pampanga hence, they are the best. Before the birth of talkies and television, zarzuelas used to be the most popular form of entertainment especially during the barrio fiesta.The Bamboo reed organ of Las PiasThe man who conceived the idea of building the bamboo organ was a young Spanish priest of the Augustinian Recollect order, Fr. Diego Cera dela Virgen del Carmen. Due to low funds, he along with the village craftsmen created the Bamboo Organ and was credited for it. The organ has undergone repairs in several years. It is the oldest and most unique musical instrument for its durability is unsurpassed for having hold watered more than 160 years compared to most organs of only 15 years.American Period (1898-1941)The first kn own law affecting the Philippine Public School System was bind 74 of the Philippine commission which provided formal training for teachers. The American Educational systems have greatly influenced the Philippine system of musical education with the treatment of music as part of a broad pattern of liberal education. American textbooks and song books were used.The radio, phonograph, and movies helped disseminate world culture. American singing through jazz invaded the country. Nevertheless, the spirit of nationalism triggered by the Spanish revolution, pushed Pilipino composers to use the native folk songs for their thematic materials. With the establishment of conservatories (school for special instruction in music), formal education in music started. Under a program of specialization was the training program for professionals which produced music specialist such as performer, composer, transcriber, conductor, researcher, musicologist, arranger, theorist, essayist, and critic.Philip pine OperaIt was believed that Philippine Opera evolved from the Zarzuela. And because of the various opera companies engaged in the production of Zarzuela, Manila was dubbed Italy of the OrientJapanese Occupation Period (1942-1945)This was the darkest epoch in the history of the Philippines. The Japanese wanted only Oriental ways for the people. This gave the Filipinos no other choice but to revert to their traditional ways of entertainment opera, musical plays and drama although a few appreciated Japanese music.Post Liberation Period (1945-1946)The Filipino is a lover of music. Music is as important as the air he breaths. He finds nice expression of his feelings through singing, moving, creating, playing an instrument, and just listening. The reawakening of interest in diversified forms of culture is manifested in the proliferation of ensembles, vocal and instrumental not only in schools but also in churches, government and private offices, communities and within thefamily. Not only the gifted in institutions get involved but even the out of school youth has his share of participation.The peoples patrimony of the country caused the use of native instruments through rondalla, a favorite performing string ensemble in all public schools, private institutions, government offices, and other musically interested groups. Need for professional growth is evident in the holding of in-service-training programs, seminars, workshops, and conferences sponsored by schools, government agencies, and musical organizations. Teaching competency in music is assured with the appointment of Bachelor of Music graduates in Applied Music and Music Education as teachers. School songs, choral and instrumental arrangements are available in the market.Forms/CompositionsPhilippine Music comes in a variety of forms, covering a wide spectrum of sources, geographically and historically representing more than 100 ethno-linguistic groups as well as different social and cultural environments in the Philippines. The totality of these forms may be categorized into three distinct repertoires 1) Asiatic oral traditions 2) westernized oral traditions and 3) western-influenced art and popular music, and semi classical music. The first category covers forms that are closely related to the cultural traditions of sou-east Asia.In the Philippines, such traditions are practiced among the villages in the Cordillera Administrative Region, in the upland areas of Palawan, Mindoro and eastern Mindanao, the predominantly Muslim communities in western Mindanao and Sulu, as well as the different Negrito communities across the archipelago, e.g. Northern Luzon, Bicol and parts of Panay and Mindanao. Most of the musical forms are performed in connection with rites of passage and life cycle events as well as occupational activities.These occasions consist of birth, initiation and graduation ceremonies courtship and marriage death and funeral rites hunting, fishing, planting and harvest healin g and various forms of armed conflicts. The second category of musical forms consists of orally transmitted genres and compositions that are performed in rural Christian communities in Luzon, Visayas and parts of lowland Mindanao, and are generally referred to as Philippine folk music.Their origins may be traced through four evolutionary processes 1) forms that have been introduced by the Spanish colonial power and later adopted and modified by local artists and performers (metrical romances) 2) syncretic and hybrid forms that have been locally assimilated elements from Western religious traditions (subli, sanghiyang) and 4) locally processed songs based on older pre-colonial tunes (planting songs, children s play songs, lullabies, love songs and serenades).Much of Philippine folk music are found in the religious and paraliturgical repertoires of countryside Christian communities, as well as in various forms of entertainment and rites of passage such as marriage and funeral ceremoni es.The third category of Philippine musical forms are found in urban communities and centers of population. In the last 100 years, Filipino composers have written works in the standard Western art music forms (chamber music, symphonic music, opera, serswela, etc.) and contemporary music styles, as well as the latest popular music industry- Latin American, jazz, country, rock, folk, rap, etc. In addition, modern compositions have also been written for such theatrical forms as dance and/or ballet, drama, musicales, and cinema.Outside the symphony orchestra tradition and the Filipino theater, the Filipinos have also developed a repertoire for three distinct musical ensembles the band (brass and bamboo), the rondalla and the chorus. The Philippine band repertoire consists of marches, overtures, symphonic poems, concertant pieces, and medleys of Filipino folk tunes, which are performed duing the military and civic parades, as well as formal and semi-tests the playing prowess and physical endurance of the competing musicians. Incidental pieces for the comedia and other forms of local theater have also been written for the band.The rondalla(plucked string ensemble) that was introduced by Spain as the estudiantina and comparsa, has a similar repertoire. It consists of marches and pasodoble pieces (fast and smart music in two), medleys and arrangements of Filipino folk songs, overtures, concertant music, and folk dance accompaniments. In recent years, Filipino composers have written serious art pieces for the rondalla or individual rondalla instruments. In modern compositions, the rondalla instruments are also combined with symphonic instruments. In the field of vocal music, choral music in the Philippines has dramatically expanded in the last fifty years, with the riseof the high quality choral singing and the countrywide proliferation of choral groups in all sectors of society church , government, business and culture. Initially, Philippine choral music consisted o f folksong arrangements, old masses and hymns, as well as locally composed operas and sarswelas. Today, the repertoire has been augmented by local madrigal-like pieces, arrangements of popular love songs, and large scale compositions are very much in demand during choral competitions and choral festivals that occur during the Christmas season.Although Philippine musical forms may be classified according to a few general categories, e.g. welcome song, song debates, courtship music, etc. each culturally-related genre has its own distinctive features which include, language and/or idiom, style of rendition and other elements. For example, the pasyon in Pampanga and the pasyon from Bulacan would greatly differ from each other in language, the tunes used, the number of singers, and performance style (leader-chorus, antiphonal, etc.).BibliographyKahayon, Alicia, et. al. (1989). Philippine literature survival of the fittest selections from a Historical Perspective. Croghan, S.J., Richard. (1975). The development of Philippine literature in english (since 1900). Rivadelo, R.F. (1987). Music education Materials & methods. pp79-103 Baas, Raymundo. (1979). Philippine music and theater. Pp8-16 Godinez-Ortega, C.F. The Literary forms in Philippine literature. Retrieved on August 10, 2013. Retrieved from http//www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Literature/literary_forms_in_philippine_lit.htm Santos, Ramon P. Philippine Music Forms/Composition. Retrieved on August 10, 2013. Retrieved from http//www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-n-a/article.php?igm=1&i=152.

Patient and Hybrid Record Essay

1. What is the potential impact of the duplicate/ attach functionality on the integrity of the data and information contained in an EHR?The write/paste function opens the possibility for fraud, medical error and risk for malpractice claims. Fraud could occur when a retroflex/paste function is used and than an insurance attach to is billed for the procedure/services 2 or 3 times. When in reality the procedure/service was nevertheless completed once. Medical error chiffonier occur with the copy/paste function, when a nurse reads a chart made by a doctor who copy/pasted instructions or initiates a procedure that was already completed but the doctor didnt realize that they copy/pasted it again. Than the nurse completes the procedure again, which can ca-ca dark results. Thus opening the door for malpractice and even criminal suits. Thus the integrity of the whole commit would have been compromised by on click of a button.2. How does copy/paste functionality affect reimbursement ? The copy/paste function can affect reimbursement because your insurance could get billed several times for the same procedure that was only completed once. Than your insurance could potentially deny the whole procedure leaving you with the bill and the headache of getting it sorted out. The other side of the coin is that with copy/paste function being used could make it to where someone elses insurance gets billed if the last copied document is from anothers file than they clicked onto your file and though they highlighted something new but didnt causing a whole new set of problems.3. What measures can a infirmary take to improve data integrity in their EHR while still achieving their goal of streamlining the documentation process? There needs to be educational fostering on the functionality of the copy/paste function and when and where it should and should not be used. EHR professionals need to come up with some new software applications that would cut down on the amount of func tions that can be lend oneselfed into one document without a review by a trained professional. New better software and proper training is the way to go in my opinion. Dont let staff get lazy and complacent with using the copy/paste function.1. What impact can a loan-blend record have on patient care?The hybrid record could have cast out and positive effects on patient care. One negative effect would be that it would take longer to access and put together if a whole file is requested. Another negative would be just where just is all of these paper records being kept. A positive effect of the hybrid record is that if the computer system is compromised in some way there would be a paper record.2. How might the hybrid record change health information focussing? The hybrid record would change health information management because you would have to have employees to care for all these records, as well as employees for the computer files thus creating more staff and costing more. There would of course have to be training on how to properly handle the hybrid record having thus an effect on the health information management team. Who would have to implement training, schedule personnel off to take the training find yet others to cover for that training. Again costing more money and time.3. How might a hospital overcome some of the issues created by the hybrid record? To overcome some issues created by the hybrid record you would have to have good education/training in implementation of new data, new software and soft- ware development. Different sections of the hospital should help in the development of software that would be beneficial to the undefiled hospital or clinic, so that no one section is left out of the decision process, so all need are attempted to be met. Educate not only the HIM staff but the hospital or clinic as a whole so that everyone knows where things are kept and how they are stored.

Disney’s Expedition Everest Essay

Walt Disney World wanted to celebrate its 50th anniversary in a big way. So in 2006 Walt Disney Company introduced Expedition Everest in Disneys Animal Kingdom Park at Lake Buena Vista, Florida. This is more than your average gyre coaster. The roller coaster not only has the unexpected twist and turns we all love, but also an incredible attention to detail. This roller coaster really took some impressive management skills. This roller is based off of Mount Everest in Nepal. The ride contains 18 mountains with the tallest unmatchable (Everest) peaking at just under 200 feet. The rollers coaster contains nearly a mile of track and also has a robotic 10 foot tall Yeti. Surrounding this roller coaster in 900 bamboo plants, 10 species of trees, and 110 species of shrubs was planted to give the feel of the lowlands in the Himalayas.The Disney Imaginers actually went to the Himalayas in Nepal to study the lands, architecture, colors, ecology, and culture. They actually got more than 2000 handcrafted item for Asia to use as props and ornamentation. This is actually the most expensive roller coaster in the world. Disneys approach to the management of project such as Expedition Everest is to combine cautious planning, including schedule and cyphering preparation, with the imagination and vision for which the company is so well known. Prioritizing the needs for project success took discipline and creativity. Disney seemed to spare no expense when creating their new ride. The budget must have been astronomical. Wanting the new ride open for their 50th anniversary, each step of the project had to be met with strict deadlines taking over 2 years to develop.The approach to the management of the project displays the embodiment of the Disney spirit a ride that combines Disneys trademark thrills, and impressive project management.

Two Ways to Belong in America

the States Dream she never lost who she was. She never lost her Indian background. Two sisters went to America, so that they can get a great education and also a great Job. Even though they had the same idea coming to America, they both went different ways. These two sisters, they are exactly the same. They have some differences but then it starts happening when they get married.Mira gets married to an Indian man and Bharati gets married to an American man. Mira worked hard to make a vivacious so that when she is ready to retire she has enough to move back to India. Bharati traveled around North America with her husband being an American citizen. Mira wasnt a citizen and her oldtimer wanted a labor certification, but she couldnt provide it so she felt like she was being used. Mira paid her taxes, she loves America and she loves India.She believes that they should start the bill for immigrants who come into the province after the bill has been passed. I feel that Mira doesnt have to be in love with the country but she puts enough dedication to the country that she wants to be a citizen so she doesnt have to go back to India. In the end Bharati explains that her sister Mira is an example of a bigger issue that many people come to America on visas and when its over they want to stay because they think its a great place.

Love and Revenge in Bronte’s “Wuthering Heights” Essay

OverviewThe novel, which features an unusu all in all in ally intricate plot, traces the effects that unbridled hate and love shake up on 2 families through three generations. Ellen Dean, who serves two families, tells Mr. Lockwood, the new tenant at Thrush cross Grange, the bizarre stories of the rest homes family, the Lintons, and of the Earns haws of Wuthering Heights. Her narrative weaves the four parts of the novel, all dealing with the fate of the two families, into the core romance of Catherine and Heathcliff. The two lovers manipulate various members of two families simply to inspire and torment each other in life and death.Heathcliff dominates the novel. Ruthless and tyrannical, he represents a new kind of man, free of all restraints and dedicated al wholeness to the satisfaction of his deepest desires no matter what the cost to others or himself. He meets his match in Catherine, who is also his inspiration. Her conjurer dreams and bold identification with the power s of storm and wrick at Wuthering Heights ar precisely what make Heathcliff devotion her. When Catherine betrays Heathcliff by marrying Ralph Linton, Heathcliff feels she has betrayed the freedom they sh ard as children on the moor. He exacts a terrible revenge. However, he is no mere Gothic villain. Somehow, the reader sympathizes with this powerful figure who is possessed by his beloved.IntroductionIn 1801, Mr. Lockwood became a tenant at Thrushcross Grange, an old bring on owned by a Mr. Heathcliff of Wuthering Heights. In the early days of his tenancy, he do two calls on his landlord. On his first visit, he met Heathcliff, an abrupt, un kindly man who was surrounded by a pack of snarling, barking dogs. When he went to Wuthering Heights a second time, he met the other members of the strange household a rude, unkempt scarcely handsome young man named H beton Earnshaw and a pretty young woman who was the leave of Heathcliffs boy.During his visit, hundred began to fall. It covered the moor paths and do travel impossible for a stranger in that bleak countryside. Heathcliff refused to let one of the servants go with him as a guide tho said that if he stayed the night he could shargon H betons bed or that of Joseph, a sour, canting old servant. When Mr. Lockwood tried to resume Josephs lantern forthe oriented journey, the old fellow set the dogs on him, to the amusement of Hareton and Heathcliff. The visitor was finally rescue by Zillah, the cook, who hid him in an unused chamber of the house.In 1801, Mr. Lockwood became a tenant at Thrushcross Grange, an old farm owned by a Mr. Heathcliff of Wuthering Heights. In the early days of his tenancy, he made two calls on his landlord. On his first visit, he met Heathcliff, an abrupt, unsocial man who was surrounded by a pack of snarling, barking dogs. When he went to Wuthering Heights a second time, he met the other members of the strange household a rude, unkempt but handsome young man named Hareton Ear nshaw and a pretty young woman who was the widow of Heathcliffs son.During his visit, snow began to fall. It covered the moor paths and made travel impossible for a stranger in that bleak countryside. Heathcliff refused to let one of the servants go with him as a guide but said that if he stayed the night he could share Haretons bed or that of Joseph, a sour, canting old servant. When Mr. Lockwood tried to borrow Josephs lantern for the homeward journey, the old fellow set the dogs on him, to the amusement of Hareton and Heathcliff. The visitor was finally rescued by Zillah, the cook, who hid him in an unused chamber of the house.Form and ContentWuthering Heights is a flooring of passionate love that encompasses two generations of two families, the Earnshaws and the Lintons. It is a framed tale narrated by two different roles, one with intimate knowledge of the families (Nelly Dean) and one unacquainted with their history. The first narrator is the stranger, Mr. Lockwood. A wealth y, educated man, Lockwood has chosen to rent a house in the isolated moors, saying that he has wearied of society. save his actions belie his news programs He pursues a knowledge with Heathcliff despite the latters objections and seeks information about all the citizens of the neighborhood. Lockwood is steeped in the conventions of his class, and he consistently misjudges the multitude he meets at Wuthering Heights. He assumes that Hareton Earnshaw, the rightful owner of Wuthering Heights, is a servant and that Catherine Linton is a demure married woman to Heathcliff. His statements, even about himself, areuntrustworthy, requiring the corrective of Nelly Deans narrative.Lockwood cultivates Nelly Deans friendship when a capacious illness, brought on by his foolish attempt to visit Heathcliff during a snowstorm, keeps him bedridden for weeks. Nelly has been reared with the Earnshaws and has been a servant in both households. She has observed much of the central drama between the two families, but her statements, too, are colored by prejudice. Nelly dislikes Catherine Earnshaw, who behaved selfishly and treated the servants badly at times, and she supports Edgar Linton because he was a gentleman.Patterns of dualism and opposition are played out between the first and second generations as well. Heathcliff, the physically strongest father, has the weakest child, Linton Heathcliff. By dying young, Linton dissolves the angulate relationship that has so plagued the older generation, undermining Heathcliffs influence. Hareton Earnshaw, abused like Heathcliff and demonstrating surprising similarities of character, neertheless retains some mind of moral behavior and is not motivated by revenge. Catherine Earnshaws daughter, as willful and spirited as her mother, does not have to make the same difficult choice between passionate love and socially sanctioned marriage. Instead, Catherine Linton and Hareton Earnshaw are left to help each other and inherit the positiv e legacies of the past, enjoying both the social amenities of Thrushcross Grange and the cancel environment of Wuthering Heights.AnalysisAn essential element of Wuthering Heights is the exploration and extension of the meaning of romance. By contrasting the passionate, natural love of Catherine and Heathcliff with the socially constructed forms of courtship and marriage, Emily Bront makes an line of credit in favor of individual choice. Catherine and Heathcliff both assert that they know the other as themselves, that they are an integral part of each other, and that ones death will diminish the other immeasurably.This communion, however, is doomed to failure while they live because of social constraints. Heathcliffs unknown parentage, his poverty, and his lack of education make him an unsuitable partner for a gentlewoman, no matter how liberated herexpressions of independence. Bront suggests the possibility of reunion after death when local residents believe they see the ghosts of Heathcliff and Catherine together, but this notion is explicitly denied by Lockwoods last assertion in the novel, that the dead slumber quietly.The profound influence of amative poetry on Bronts literary imagination is evident in her development of Heathcliff as a Byronic hero. This characterization contributes to the impossibility of any happy union of Catherine and Heathcliff while they live. Heathcliff looms larger than life, subject to violent extremes of perception, submissive to neither education nor nurturing. Like Frankensteins monster, he craves love and considers revenge the only fit umpire when he is rejected by others. Catherine, self-involved and prone to emotional storms, has just enough sense of self-preservation to grant Heathcliffs faults, including his amorality. Choosing to marry Edgar Linton is to choose psychic fragmentation and separation from her other self, but she sees no bureau to reconcile her psychological need for wholeness with the physical suppo rt and emotional stability that she requires. Unable to construct a living, dependent on a brother who is squandering the family fortune, she is impelled to accept the social privileges and luxuries that Edgar offers.Yet conventional forms of romance provide no clear guide to successful marriage either both Edgar and his sister, Isabella, suffer by acting on stereotypical notions of love. Edgar does not know Catherine in any trustworthy sense, and his attempts to control her force her subversive self-destruction. Isabella, fascinated by the Byronic qualities with which Heathcliff is so richly endowed, believes that she really loves him and becomes a automatic victim in his scheme of revenge. What remains is a paradoxical statement about the nature and take to be of love and a question about whether any love can transcend social and natural barriers.Another theme that Bront examines is the effect of abuse and brutality on human nature. The novel contains minimal examples of nurtu ring, and close instruction to children is of the invalidating kind that Joseph provides with his lectures threatening damnation. Children demonstrably suffer from a lackof love from their parents, whose care alternates between total leave out and physical threats. The novel is full of violence, exemplified by the dreams that Lockwood has when he stays in Wuthering Heights. After being weakened by a nosebleed which occurs when Heathcliffs dogs attack him, Lockwood spends the night in Catherine Earnshaws old room.He dreams first of being accused of an unpardonable sin and being trounce by a congregation in church, then of a small girl, presumably Catherine, who is trying to premise the chambers window. Terrified, he rubs her wrist back and forth on a broken window until he is covered in blood. These dreams anticipate further violence Hindleys d getken assaults on his son and animals, Catherines bloody capture by the Lintons bulldog, Edgars blow to Heathcliffs neck, and Heathcli ffs mad head-banging when he learns of Catherines death.Heathcliff never recovers from the neglect and abuse that he has experienced as a child all that motivates him in adulthood is revenge and a philosophy that the weak deserve to be crushed. Hareton presents the possibility that degraded character can be redeemed and improved through the twin forces of education and love, yet this argument seems little to a greater extent than a way of acknowledging the popular cultural stereotype and lacks the conviction that Bront reveals when she focuses on the negative effects of brutality.A third significant theme of Wuthering Heights is the power of the natural setting. Emily Bront loved the craze of the moors and incorporated much of her affection into her novel. Catherine and Heathcliff are most at one with each other when they are outdoors. The freedom that they experience is profound not only have they escaped Hindleys anger, but they are free from social restraints and expectations a s well. When Catherines mind wanders before her death, she insists on opening the windows to breathe the wind off the moors, and she believes herself to be under Penistone Crag with Heathcliff.Her fondest memories are of the times on the moors the enclosed environment of Thrushcross Grange seems a trivial prison. In contrast to Catherine and Heathcliff, other characters prefer the indoors and crave the protection that the houses afford. Lockwood is dependent on the console of home and hearth, and the Lintons are portrayed as weaklings because of theirupbringing in a sheltered setting. This method of delineating character by identifying with nature is another aspect of Emily Bronts inheritance from the Romantic poets.Themes and MeaningsFew books have been scrutinized as well as Wuthering Heights. It has been analyzed from every psychological perspective it has been described as a spiritual or religious novel. Broadly speaking, it is the story of an antihero, Heathcliff, and his at tempt to steal Wuthering Heights from its rightful owners, Catherine and Hindley Earnshaw. Thus, in this complex story of fierce passions, Heathcliff is portrayed as a cuckoo, who succeeds in dispossessing the legitimate heirs to Wuthering Heights. His revenge is the driving force back end the plot, though he betrays occasional glimpses of affection for Hareton, the young man whom he has ruined.Wuthering is a dialect word descriptive of the fierceness of the Yorkshire climate, with its atmospheric tumult. The title of the novel refers not only to the farm house and its inhabitants but also to the effect that Heathcliffs desire for Cathy has on him and those around him. As the story progresses, his nature becomes in turn warped, and he loses Cathy. After Heathcliff returns from a self-imposed exile-educated and wealthy-the meetings with Cathy further lacerate his soul and bring ruin to all those around him. Heathcliffs ultimate revenge is to make Hareton, Hindleys son, suffer as he did. Wuthering, tumult, and boney growth apply equally to nature and humans in this novel. Yet no hatred as powerful as Heathcliffs can sustain itself it burns too fiercely. When his desire for vengeance has run its course, Heathcliff achieves his greatest wish-to be united with his beloved Catherine. This reunion can take place only in the grave and the spirit world beyond it.During Heathcliffs life, Wuthering Heights was a hell it will never become a heaven, but as the second generation of Earnshaw and Linton children grow up free of Heathcliffs corrupting influence, Emily Bront suggests, a spiritual rebirth is possible. Optimism peeps through her dark vision.ConclusionThe meaning of Heathcliffs jubilance in death can be clarified bythe one occasion when he displays that same emotion in life Hindleys funeral. At that time, Nelly observes something like exultation in Heathcliffs aspect (p. 230), and the reason for it is demonstrable triumphant revenge against the nuisance and humiliation that Hindley made him suffer in childhood. This link between exultation and revenge implies that Heathcliffs own death also concerns revenge against distress and humiliation that he has been made to suffer.But this time, the victim of revenge is none other than himselfor, more precisely, as we shall see, his own life. By allowing arrested development with the Ghost to usurp the awareness necessary to sustain his own life, Heathcliff avenges himself on the humiliating sense of neglect that life made him suffer. He makes death signify his rejection of life as unworthy of attention. His life-like gaze (p. 411) in death views the living with the same sneer of contempt with which Unlove once regarded him.The relationship between Heathcliff and Catherine thrives as long as vulnerability to the same domestic source of Unlove (i.e., Hindley) unites them. Entry into adulthood frees them from that environment, yet even great discord follows. Each meets the other in mere oppugna ncy. Heathcliff reproaches Catherine for abandoning him Catherine . . . I know you have treated me infernallyinfernally (p. 138). Catherine is just as convinced that Heathcliff has abandoned her You have killed me and thriven on it (p. 195). Yet in the midst of this embittered opposition, each protests passionately that he or she loves the otherand only the other. It could not be otherwise.Even as a married couple, the result would have been the same. Without a third party on whom to blame the pain of rejection, Heathcliff and Catherine are doomed both to love and resent each other with equal intensity. For, as we have seen, their love is founded on a paradox no love unless they share the pain of rejection. In childhood, Hindley inflicted that pain on them. In adulthood, they must inflict it on each other. That is what love formed by Unlove mover for them.Hindleys failure to kill Heathcliff must be understood as a success. Even more than revenge against Heathcliff, Hindley wants pity for his own sufferingand this is exactly what he achieves. After succumbing to theonslaught of his opponent whom he himself has enraged, Hindley, now unconscious and wounded by his own weapon, is tended by Heathcliff, whose solicitous action, though rough and hasty, underscores the embossment implicit in the extremity of pain. 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