Anatomy and Physiology for Health and Social Care Essay

Task2 The important waver types of the eubstance and the role these play in cardinal named organs of the system. P2 Outline the anatomical structure of the important create from raw materials of the body in that location argon many different types of cells in the human body. These cells would not be fitted to function on their own, they atomic number 18 all part of a large organism that is called you. The ii named organs that I have chosen for this assignment ar the intestines and the pith.TissuesAll cells group together deep down the body to form wander, a collection of similar cells group together to perform a specialized function. There be cardinal primary tissue types in the human body epithelium, junction tissue, nauseated and the t shuttingon tissue.Epithelial tissue-This tissue is specialise to cover the intact part of the body lining of all of the knowledgeable and external body surfaces, they atomic number 18 packed tightly together to form continu ous layers that serve as linings in different parts of the body. Epithelial tissue serves as membranes lining organs and helping to hold in the bodys organs separate, in place and protected. approximately examples of epithelial tissue are the out intimately layer of the skin, the inside of the mouth and bide, and the tissue surrounding the bodys organs. These kinds of tissues push aside be separate into two groups depending on the number of layers that it has. An Epithelial tissue which is scarcely when one cell thick is know as Simple epithelia, if it consists of several layers then it is known as Compound Epithelia.Epithelial tissueIn the Intestines-The apical surface of epithelial cells usually have tiny projections called microvilli. These function to increase the surface sphere of influence. For example, microvilli on intestinal cells increase the surface area open for absorption. Absorption is an important function of epithelial tissue within the intestines. The surfa ce of the small intestine is lined with simple columnar epithelium. This type of epithelium appears as a single layer of tall, column-shaped cells with oblong nuclei. The primary function of this type of epithelium is absorption of nutrients, discrimination of digestive juices as well as secretion of mucus by goblet cells. The surface area of the small intestine is increased by outward finger-like extension sand inward indentations, as villi and crypts. both of these structures are lined with simple columnar epithelium.In the core group-The epithelial tissue protects the heart from becoming disgraced from the lobes that are in the heart against the lungs it provides an extra barrier of protection from injuries. Epithelial tissues line all the ducts and glands within the heart and protect it with an exterior membrane.P2 Outline the structure of the principal(prenominal) tissues of the bodyThe IntestineP2 Outline the structure of the principal(prenominal) tissues of the bodyThe H eartConnective tissue-There are many types of connection tissue that are widely distributed doneout the body that lie beneath the epithelial tissue. This type of tissue does not convey many cells, as they are separated from each early(a) by an intercellular ground summation, (matrix), they are hidden by the cells. It is made up of either liquid, solid, or connective tissue, within the matrix there are many types of connecting fibres, such as collagen and elastic fibres. The function of the connective tissue is to support, bind, cover, protect and slip away structure to the body. Most types of connective tissue contain fibrous strands of the protein collagen that add strength to connective tissue. Some examples of connective tissue include the inner layers of skin, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, areolar, adipose bone and fat tissue.In addition to these much recognizable forms of connective tissue, blood is to a fault considered a form of connective tissue. Cartilage tissue is a smooth, firm substance that protects ends of the bones from friction during movement and they can be found at the end of our bones in mobile joints, the front ends of the ribs, also in parts of our nose and ears. Our bone tissues are made of a much harder substance than the cartilage, but they can be worn away by friction. They are tough on the outside, but on the inside they have a sponge-like design that helps to number the weight while retaining strength. They are designed to maintain the bodys structure and support the bodys movement and are used to protect weaker tissues, such as the brain,lungs and heart.P2 Outline the structure of the main tissues of the bodyBlood is a specialized bodily fluid in humans that delivers necessity substances such as, nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells. Bones have a placed structure that constitutes part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and reposition minerals. Bone tissue is a dense type of connective tissue. Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue found in many areas in the body including the joints between bones, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the elbow, the knee, the ankle, the bronchial tubes and the intervertebral discs.It is not as hard and rigid as bone but is stiffer and less flexible than sinew. areolar tissue is a common type of connective tissue, also referred to as loose connective tissue. It is strong enough to bind different tissue types together, yet soft enough to provide tractability and cushioning. Adipose tissue (fatty tissue) it provides insulation and protection of organs, brawn fibres, nerves, and supports blood vessels. It protects us from excessive heat spillage or heat increase and also acts as a shock absorber to protect against injury.In the intestine-The lm is the quarry where digested viands passes through and from where nutrients are absorbed. Both intestines share a general structure with the unhurt gut, and are composed of several layers. Going from inside the lumen radially outwards, one passes the mucosa (glandular epithelium and fibrousis mucosa), submucosa, muscularis externa (made up of inner circular and outer longitudinal), and lastly serosa. Serosa is made up of loose connective tissue and coated in mucus to prevent friction damage from the intestine rubbing against other tissue. Holding all this in place are the mesenteries which suspend the intestine in the abdominal cavity and stop it being disturbed when a person is physically active.In the heart-Connective tissue provides the final exam pathway for diffusion of nutrients, oxygen, waste and metabolites to and from the cells of the body. All blood vessels are embedded in connective tissue. The only cells which receive their sustenance directly from the blood are the endothelial cells lining the vessels themselves. All of the other c ells are supplied via diffusion through intermediary connective tissue. The transport functions of blood and connective tissue cannot be separated. The heart and circulatory system simply facilitate the movement of this travelling tissue. The valves in the heart are also made from connective tissues, they control the amount of blood that is passed through the heart and into the blood stream, and it also helps to take down the flow back to the heart.Nervous tissue-The nervous tissue includes the brain, spinal anaesthesia cord and the nerves throughout the organism, it contains two types of cell they are the neurons and glial cells. Nerve tissue has the ability to generate and conduct galvanizing signals in the body. These electrical messages are managed by nerve tissue in the brain and transmitted down the spinal cord to the body. The nervous tissue, main function is to carry messages throughout the body, gathering and feeding back study via electronic impulses along specialised c ells called neurons. It is like an information speedway, it directs the drive force of the nervous system by sending messages, to ensure that all of the systems are able to work together within the body, this is to maintain that the inherent conditions are needed to enable the body to respond to motivation.In the heart-The nervous tissue in the heart controls the hearts main functions. It is controlled by specialised nerves called nodes. A node is a specialised type of tissue that behaves as both muscle and nervous tissue. When nodal tissue contracts (like muscle tissue) it generates nerve impulses (like nervous tissue) that travel throughout the heart wall. The heart has two nodes that are instrumental in cardiac conduction, which is the electrical system that powers the cardiac cycle. These two nodes are the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrio-ventricular (AV) node. The sinoatrial node, is also referred to as the pacemaker of the heart, it coordinates the heart contractions. It is placed in the upper wall of the right atrium, it generates nerve impulses that travel throughout the heart wall create both of the atria to contract.The atrio-ventricular node lies on the right side of the partition that divides the atria, near the bottom of the right atrium. When the impulses generated by the SA node reach the AV node, they are appreciationed for about a tenth of a second. This delay allows the atria to contract, thereby emptying blood into the ventricles. The AV node then sends the impulses down the atrio-ventricular bundle. This bundle of fibres branches off into two bundles and the impulses are carried down the centre of the heart to the left and right ventricles. Btec Level 3 in health and Social CareNervous TissueIn the intestineIn order to propel the food into the small intestine, a small electrical impulse is passed down the nerve into the lower part of the stomach to grind the food and it is expelled little by little. Then in order for digested food to pass through the intestine and the electrical impulses tract messages to the brain pass through the spinal cord to the nervous tissue within the intestines which then stimulates the muscle to contract causing the digested food to be passed down through to the rectum to the be excreted. pass tissue-Muscle tissue is a specialized tissue that is able to conduct electrical impulses and to contract. Muscle tissue contains the specialized proteins actin and myosin that slide past one another to allow movement. Examples of muscle tissue are contained in the muscles throughout your body. There are three types of muscles, they are known asStriated (also called voluntary or skeletal muscle), produces movement and maintains posture, contract and relax, applies force to joints and bones, is under voluntary control. Non-striated (also called involuntary, plain or smooth), it protects, controls movement of substance along tubes, not under voluntary control, found in stomach, intestines, bladder, uterus and the eyes. The cardiac muscle (also called involuntary, has four chambers), can only be found in the heart, shares similarities to skeletal muscle, and cannot be controlled. Cardiac muscles are only found in theheart. They are self-contracting, autonomically regulated and continue to contract in rhythmic fashion for the whole life of the organism. Some of the cardiac muscle cells contract without any nervous stimulation.P2 Outline the structure of the main tissues of the bodyMuscle TissueP2 Outline the structure of the main tissues of the bodyIn the heart-The cardiac muscle has several different unique features. The muscles that are present in the cardiac are intercalated discs, which are connected between two adjacent cardiac cells. Intercalated discs help multiple cardiac muscle cells to contract rapidly as a unit. This is important for the heart to function properly. The cardiac muscle can also contract more powerfully when it is stretched slightly. When the ventricles are filled, they are stretched beyond their normal resting capacity. The result is a more powerful contraction, ensuring that the maximum amount of blood can be forced from the ventricles and into the arteries with each stroke. This is most noticeable during exercise, when the heart beats rapidly. This nubs blood around to all the cells in the body, to help to retrieve it and re-oxygenate it and pump it back around.In the intestine-The smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs like your intestines and stomach. The muscular walls of the intestines contract to push food through your body and help to break it up, this is an involuntary function.ResourcesBooksStretch B.and Whitehouse M., (2014), health & Social Care, level 3, 1st edition. Edinburgh Gate, Harlow and Essex.College notes and hand-outsMs Mansell,, Guernsey College FE, unpublished.Websiteswww.en.wikipedia.orgwww.technion.ac.ilwww.kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.cawww.uoguelph.ca