Accessing Health and Social Care in the UK

Accessing Health and genial C atomic number 18 in the UKWhen the National Health Services (NHS) was founded in 1948, adept of the principles was to provide complete go to all and free at the conviction of fate in UK (nursing measure.net 2009). Access to wellness complaint services is establish on clinical need of an individual and non the cleverness to pay the services. This inwardness everyone has the rights of portaling to wellness and kind charge, although it is still a study fuss for first gear br otherwisely group and ethnical minority who be facing psycheal, socio economic, h releasehen and worrys happening as results of the structure of health and favorable care offshootes (POSTNOTE 2007).In this hear, a case study allow be used to endorse a patient with skill stultification who faces various problems during his access to health and social care services and factors that contributed to these problems. in addition it ordain focus on how soak ups could suffer these individuals to conduct decisions about their care. The meaning of attainment hinderance will be explained. The assignment will also look at major cultural and social economic influencing the health and health choices of individuals. Also it will analyze the differences between health fostering and health forwarding and with their grandness in individual in accessing health and social care. The challenges inherent in meeting the inescapably of pack of varying abilities and social backgrounds will be look at as well as the factors that trigger the accessing of multi- victor health and social service. The essay will also discuss the come acrossing of the economy related to the supply of health and social care, as a nurse why are we needed to be aware of the in matchities in provision. A name mentioned in the case study has been changed in sound out to take after with the code of NMC (2008) and consent was obtained from the patient and the name anil will be used in stead.Anil is a boy of eighteen days old who came to UK from South East Asia seven years ago. He lives with his parents in the housing estate of East London where majority are ethnic from South Asia. His father who earns minimum wages works in a food factory in six days a week, speaks incline and his mother is a amplytime housewife and does not speak English, only Hindu.Anil was born with Asperger syndrome, a flavorlong impediment that affects how a person makes champion of the world, processes information and relates to other mickle. People with Asperger can find difficult to choke and interacts with other (NAS 2010). Anil had never been to hospital in India and he was treat by traditional healers. He only started seeks medical exam assistance when he moved to UK. Anil physical condition has deteriorated recently. He does not eat well look tired, neartimes suffered headache and finding difficult in sleeping. Since he came to UK, he had been to school for three ye ars only and he never had friends. He does not mix well with other slew and his parents do not bother about this. At times he lets himself become a little neglected.Anil represents a small and susceptible group in a cabaret who find difficulty in accessing and using health and social care because of the greater health care needs they take a shit than general nation. Motor and sensory disabilities, Epilepsy, hypertension and Alzheimers malady are some of the conditions that are common in this group (NURSING measuring stick 2010). The MENCAP report (DEATH IN DEFFERENCES 2007) states that people with learn hinderance are world treated wrongly in all subroutine of health care provision and they are not equally valued in the health services. The authorities also revealed that people with acquire disabilities are execrableer particularly uptake of invitations on direct care and hospital provisions such as access screening services (ALD 200/01). Because of their greater need s of health care, they are to a greater extent(prenominal) prone to a wide variety of additional physical and amiable health problems as it shows to Anil. According to Tudor- Hart (cited in Hart 1985) at that place is an increasing in evidence of an inverse care law where those who needs are greatest get the least. tuition constipation is a life long condition which has a significantly reduced ability to catch new or abstruse information and it is vary from one person to another. The terra firma Health Organization (WHO) defines discipline deadening as disability of the body function which limits the activity of an individual in performing a t communicate or action (WHO 2010)According to Thomas and Woods in their book Working with people with learn disabilities 11(2003), a study disability is a conditioninology used to label people with impose level of intellectual that is deject than the average to normal people in the society. The term itself was widely accepted in England following a speech in 1996 to MENCAP by Stephen Dorrell, the then secretary for Health. From time to time the title and labels have changed and this has been driven by several influences. The term used to cover children with special(prenominal) knowledge problems that whitethorn arises from a number of different things like activated problems, medical problems and language impairment (BILD 2004). In the past, some(prenominal) people with learning disability were lived in institutions and have been labeled differently by their generations. numerous different forms of terms have been used before. Terminology such as menace, sub- human organism, unspeakable objects of dread, holy innocent, diseased organism, eternal child and many more than (WOLFENSBERGER,1972). There are about 1.5 million people with learning disability in UK who require different levels of support (MENCAP). It has been identified that just about 26.5% of people who have learning disability as being ass ociated with heritable factors (Craft et al 1985).Learning Disabilities is caused by problems during brain development before, during and after abide (RCSLT 2009). There are different types of learning disabilities some of which are Asperger syndrome (a particular proposition type of Autism) which affect a person the way interact to the world, interpretation disabilities, writing disabilities, non verbal learning disabilities (NVLD) and many more (ALD 2000-2010), reading disability (dyslexia), speech and listening disability, and auditory processing disorder. It is often detected in early childhood.In UK there are laws and policies which describe how the needs of people with learning disabilities should be met. The purpose of these laws and policies is to improve quality of life and establish on empowerment, making choices and decision, having the same opportunity and rights as other people and social inclusion. Policy such as valuing people which explain how the authorities wil l provide same opportunity and choice for people with learning disabilities and their families to live full and independent lives as part of their local communities and to go with they gain maximum life chance benefit ( DOH 2010).The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 which is a piece of law sanctions the rights of people with learning disabilities to access healthcare and other care services. Healthcare providers must take to be, support them and their families and conforms to professional standard (NHS 2006). It is the NHS duty to make sure they provide an equal service that can be easily accessed by anyone according to this Act. near of the people with learning disabilities have sensory and physical impairment that make it hard to make their choices and to understand by others. A piece of legislation which protects them in England is Mental Capacity Act 2005 which is empowers and protects vulnerable people who are not able to make their own decision. People with learning di sability will still have the right to give their consent for day-by-day living and accessing the services despite of having significantly reduced ability to understand new learning skills (NURSING STANDARD 2010). If the person lack a content of giving or refusing consent, it is still possible for care providers to provide care and words for the best interest of the person (DOH 2003). A survey showed that nearly 62%of all people with learning disabilities depend on their parents and other caregivers (EMERSON et al 2005).However, healthcare providers have a duty to understand and recognize the needs of a person with learning disabilities and make sure their needs are met. It is a nursing role to work in partnership with the clients to crucify barriers by identifying what management and decision to represent the person mostly professionally although clients and their cares may make their own decision.People with learning disabilities in disdain social classes are particularly disa dvantage relative to the higher social classes in accessing healthcare services because of physical, social, psychological and economic barriers that limit their full participation in society. Acheson (1998) identified the links between inequalities and poor health. He noted that health inequalities were widening with the poorest in society being more affected than those who are well off. The post code lottery which depends on where you might live is a big issue in NHS. The visible(prenominal)ness of better treatment, drugs and waiting time in a deprived sports stadium where people depend on state healthcare provisions will carry on experience poor access to services and treatment than those who have the power of buying services in private services (GUARDIAN 2000).People from ethnic backgrounds experience healthcare service differently out-of-pocket to their lack of knowledge which can be limited by the ability to communicate in English. They may find challenge to enter healthcar e services because it may require, for example making a telephone call, appointment, header with a queuing system and complex procedures ( NHS 2006). Different in cultures attitude and cross between where they came from and UK can impact Anils health. It is believed that South Asian parents dont have exacting attitudes towards disabilities because religious and superstitious beliefs (ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRIC 2003). Anils parents might not take his problem seriously because of their background and social stigma of having a child with disability (AUTISM-INDIA 2008).According to the report of Department of Health (2009) a review in development in tackling health inequalities of Acheson, recommended the improvement of living standards of people with lower income than average. Among the people in this group are people living in a deprived area and depend on social housing. Also people with learning disability may fail to get the essential services because of lack of understanding about health issues articulating their needs based on their poor experiences of education system (Mathews 1996).Research carried out by Cartwright Obrien1976 found that cosmopolitan Practitioners spend far less time with their patients from lower classes ( cited in Hart 1985,p59). The situation may be more complex for service users who have little or no verbal intercourse and those with learning disability. A learning disability person may be unable to identify and describe the signs and symptoms requiring accurate medical attention. The information may not be presented in accessible format and the staffs may ask questions which can not understand (NURSING STANDARD 2010).Unavailability of an experience interpretive program in the healthcare settings can be barrier. It can affect the esthesia of patients values and attitudes. To use a professional interpreter can fasten patients to communicate and feel freer when describing their religious beliefs and unsatisfactory environmen t conditions but to healthcare professionals may feel disempowerment and may depend on interpreters in order to carry out their roles (ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHTRIC 2003).Sometimes physical access may be an issue for people with learning disability they find their appointment times are often too short to understand the system because of their difficulties and bear needs to access healthcare facilities are more distant. Practitioners may be given job in deprived areas with all facility available but they may be in the assays of vandalism, theft and anti social behavior (Thomson J et al 2003 p59).The aims of the government today in UK is commute individuals to be more involved in their health. But the problems with availability of health promotion services and involvements are some of concern due to the restructuring of health and social care for people with learning disabilities has been accelerated by NHS and biotic community care Act (DOH 1990, Emerson Et al 1996 chap 11). For exa mple, most of the health promotion discussion and activities to accessing suitable firsthand healthcare is focus on medical involvements such as immunization (Stanley et al 1998 p71). Some of this medical orgasm can lead to reinforced dependency for people with learning disabilities. Those with tremendous learning disabilities, their needs are becoming known to service providers through secondary and tertiary care after being referred by primary care. Among health promotion is prevention which is focusing on decrease of risk occurrence of diseases, disabilities and handicap. These activities occur in health care settings. Primary prevention is to prevent from risk factors such as obesity through education, calculate and diet. Primary prevention produces information on various health issues in pictorial and easily understandable format such as cancer. On secondary prevention, it involves identifies early signs of diseases occurring such as cancer screening and tertiary preventi on is involves reducing the impact of the disease and promoting quality of life through active rehabilitation (Thomson et al 2003).Anils state of confusion may be caused a number of factors which might need further investigation. It is the duty of his General Practitioner (primary prevention) to refer him to hospital (secondary prevention) for investigation. A consultant may learn whether Anil has physical or mental illness.To deal with and removing barriers such as difficulty with interpersonal confabulation, health promotion will need to bring up inclusion and reduce inequalities in service provision (Thomson et al 2003 p129). World Health Organization (2010) has made it clear that health promotion is the process of enabling individual to improve and increase control of their health. Many primary healthcare professional do not have skills to overcome this problem as results those people who have learning disabilities are less liable(predicate) to receive lifestyle advice than those who do not have learning disabilities (Fitzsimmons Barr 1997). Learning disability nurses have a variety of skills in communication and observations which could be useful to teach other healthcare professionals in health and social care settings (Thomson et al 2003 p131)Health education as a part of health promotion is defined as a planned communication activities designed to attract well being and ill health in individuals and group through influencing the knowledge, belief, attitudes and behavior of those in power of the community at large (Tannahill 1985p167-8). For people with learning disabilities, health education might advocate social inclusion through decreasing negative stereotyping by valuing and respecting their needs. On a more individual level, people who receive health education messages have a choice to decide whether to follow or not the message given (Thomson J et al 2003).Building partnerships between nurses, careers, other professional and people with lea rning disabilities is essential in order to promote and educating health by identifying their physical and mental health condition (DOH 1995). A partnership is not only the way to bring up to visualise statutory services but also is about developing and acknowledging the incarnate responsibility for the health and wellbeing of the community which they belong (Thomson J et al 2003, p102).Having the opportunity to make choice about their healthcare is critical to their sand of inclusion in society. It is also a key factor in allowing individual like Anil to feel in control of his life. The NMC (National midwifery Council) code of 2008sets out number of responsibilities on nurses to promote choice and respect the decisions of those they care. Nurses need to help them making their choice by making some simple adaptations. The first step can be taking a little more time to explain something and giving the person with learning disability more time to understand what is being said (NUR SING STANDARDS 2010, P53). other(a) approach could be the involvement of relative or paid career not to make choice on behalf of the person with learning disability but to use their knowledge of the person to help the care professional interpret or to explain treatment options. In all this processes, nurses need to ensure that they obtain consent before they begin assessment and treatment. some(prenominal) decision to be taken by the staff must be in the interests of the person and must regard to his or her human rights.To conclude, the essay has set out key difficulties experienced by people with learning disabilities in accessing healthcare services and the gap between rich and poor who are accessing healthcare appear to be widening. People who have learning disabilities are generally underestimated and find themselves failure to succeed their expectation. They experience more health problems than any other group in a society but use healthcare services less than the general popu lation (RODGER 1996). Inequalities in health for people with learning disabilities must be dealt with by healthcare providers in health care provision with the aim of close the division between the general public experiences and this group. By using great quality of health care and respecting peoples rights to access, and making reasonable adjustment, the lives of people with learning disabilities can be changed. Healthcare providers have a duty to ensure that people with learning disabilities are offered regular checking and are included in health screening program.